Báo cáo y học: " Degeneracy: a link between evolvability, robustness and complexity in biological systems" docx

... present an alternative conceptual model to account for these findings and to illustrate additional ways in which degeneracy may facilitate robustness and evolvability in complex adaptive systems. Our ... such systems and robustness to maintain such systems at every step along the way. This connection between evolvability and complexity is famously captured within Darwin’s...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... environmental stimula- tors: 'NH 3 ' (ammonium), 'rapamycin', 'leucine', and 'amino acids', which indicates availability of all amino acids except leucine that are ... regulatory pathway of amino acid biosynthesis. Starvation for any amino acid induces the translation of Gcn4 via Gcn2. Gcn4 is a transcriptional activa- tor of enzymes that catalyze...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... A, Marone MM, Levin S, Rocha M, Lerario AC, Nery M, Goldman J, Liberman B: Estimation of body fat and lean tissue distribution by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal body fat evaluation ... glucose handling and that glucose metabolism may be affected directly or indirectly by inflamma- tory mediators [65]. Several studies have demonstrated an association between GC use an...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... A, Marone MM, Levin S, Rocha M, Lerario AC, Nery M, Goldman J, Liberman B: Estimation of body fat and lean tissue distribution by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal body fat evaluation ... Situnayake RD, Kitas G: Dyslipidemia and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1997, 56:341-342. 41. Georgiadis AN, Papavasiliou EC, Lourida ES, Alamanos Y, Kostara C, Tselepis AD, Drosos...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... Agents and Chemotherapy 1997, 41:2793-2796. 28. Kumar AKH, Ramachandran G, Rajasekaran S, Padmapriyadarsini C, Nandrenan G, Subramanyam SAS, et al: Pharmacokinetics of lamivudine & stavudine in ... C, Hay PE, Song IH, et al: Steady state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphoshate following administration of abacavir at 600 mg milligrams once dail...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... their family to object to publication of this case report and any accompanying images. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors' contributions HL analyzed ... Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a marker of poor survival in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 1992, 12:158-161. 8. Huang NN, Schidlow DV, Szatrowski TH, Palmer J, Laraya-Cuasay LR, Y...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:20

... systems as diverse as yeast, Dro- sophila, Xenopus and humans in order to build our understanding of the machinery and mechanism of chro- matin assembly. The main players in chromatin assembly ... (indicated by ÔAcÕ) and are deacetylated soon after nucleosome formation. Also indicated are chromatin assembly factors that have been identified biochemically and may function to mediate...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:21

... change analysis sample was primarily male (64.1%) and Caucasian (81.9%), with a mean age of 59.3 years. This sample was primarily diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (88.0%), and the sample had a ... This link was analyzed with change in visual acuity defined both categorically and continuously. First, categorical analyses were con- ducted to characterize the HRQL decreases/gains ass...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... adequate reliability and validity in a sample consisting of participants with age-related cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, primary open-angle glaucoma, or cytomegalovirus ... citation purposes) had a somewhat larger percentage of Caucasian patients. The change analysis sample was primarily male (64.1%) and Caucasian (81.9%), with a mean age of 59....

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... cer- tain parasites, in natural immunity to bacterial infections, and in inflammatory and allergic diseases. The communication between mast cells and nerves via cytokines has not received much atten- tion. ... discharge increased approximately 1 minute after luminal antigen challenge and was attenuated by serotonin and his- tamine receptor antagonists. Mast cell–nerve associa...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 20:23