... Division and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.8Maple Leaf Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada.9Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal,Montréal, ... None of the study subjects had evidence of concurrent infections at the time immune activation wasassessed. For comparison, 13 healthy uninfected controlswere also studied.Laboratory testingPlasma ... contributions of immune activation indepen-dently of viremia on disease progression. A lthoughspontaneous control of viremia predicts slower HIV dis-ease progression, VL alone only explains a...