... contributionsKSK and DHH participated in the data analysis and the designof the study, and drafted the manuscript. JSB, DHO, HMC,BJS, JYK, and SJL performed the experiments. MCY and HIYprovided the synovium ... Interestingly,piperine did not significantly affect the IκB kinase signalingpathway or the MAP kinase mediated phosphorylation of JNK and P38; however, piperine slightly inhibited the MAP kinasemediated ... understand the molecular mecha-nisms underlying piperine inhibition of IL6, COX-2 and MMPexpression, we investigated the MAP kinase and IκB kinasesignaling pathways by western blot (Figure 3a). Interestingly,piperine...