Báo cáo y học: "Bench-to-bedside review: Ventilatory abnormalities in sepsis" ppt

... postulated that cytokine synergy plays a key role in septic myocardial depression. When con- sidering IL-1β and TNF-α independently, substantially higher concentrations of each cytokine are required ... bio- chemical pathway than the early depression, and may involve de novo protein synthesis. The generation of NO may be central to both early and late depression of myocytes in in vitro an...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... decreased intrinsic muscle function. Increased energy demands The energy needs of the ventilatory system are determined by the tension produced by the respiratory muscles per minute. Normally, expiration ... factors involved in increased ventilatory drive. Cytokines, endotoxin (LPS) and acidaemia produce an initial increase in the drive to breathe. Demands on the ventilatory muscles...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

... reporting barriers partly owing to fewer liability concerns, and an opportunity to study recovery patterns [75]. Ideally, error reporting should be voluntary, anonymous, centralized to increase ... The technology permits clinicians to enter orders directly into a computer workstation that is linked to a hospital clinical infor- mation system [47]. The main advantages of these systems are that...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:35

... study the air was analyzed by a blood gas analyzer, its use has opened by the possibility of determining intramucosal PCO 2 by capnography. Capnography is the basis of some new systems for nearly ... technology for assessing gastrointest- inal perfusion and oxygenation by detecting acidosis in the gut wall. Several clinical studies have shown that gastric intramucosal acidosis detected by t...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... +250 GG genotype, again suggesting that polymorphisms may be ‘good’ or ‘bad’, depending on the outcome of interest. Interleukin-1 αα and interleukin-1 ββ IL-1, a potent proinflammatory cytokine released ... transition in the first intron of LT-α, has been identified as a potentially influential locus in many inflammatory conditions. This polymorphism is part of a complex haplotype includi...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:22

... with increasing physician experience. Carlucci and coworkers [9] reported an 8-year retrospective study in which they investigated the changes in clinical practice of NIV in COPD patients. In that ... surgery No active gastrointestinal bleeding No impairment in swallowing Hemodynamic and rhythm stability Adequate fitting of the interface 102 A multicenter randomized controlled trial...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... while maintaining infection control measures), and serve as a way to train treatment teams at different hospital sites. Indeed, internet-based technology proved invaluable during the SARS outbreak in ... placed in quarantine after exposure, some of them falling ill, becoming critically ill and even succumbing to SARS. Staff morale was addressed in some institutions by encouraging and co...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:21

... examining the full effects of sleep inter- ventions over multiple days, identifying appropriate endpoints and in a relatively large number of patients. Polysomnography is currently the definitive ... more interventions. In clinical practice, they offer the only real means of assessing the efficacy of interventions in attempting to improve individual patients’ sleep. Patient assessment U...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... it maintains airway patency and prevents pulmonary infection. However, tracheal suctioning induces mucosal injury, exposing the basement membrane and thereby facilitating bacterial adhesion in ... maintain airway hygiene independently and remain symptomatic after 24 hours of aggressive chest physiotherapy (every 4 hours). Clinical experience indicates that atelectasis recurs frequently afte...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... critical care may be poorly organized, with ICUs usually being ad hoc areas within hospitals [17]. Specialty trained intensivists are rare. Physi- cians and nurses are in short supply and underpaid ... health care, including vaccination and nutrition, is not ‘critical care’. However, in many hospital wards of developing countries, the majority of patients dying of AIDS, complicating infec...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22