...
(Hays
et
al.
20 00).
28 0
Castings
ZI
s200t
,,'
/-
r
-
D
2
c
VI
a,
VI
-
._
I
5
150
E
3
a,
m
c
._
-
-
h
a"
100
5
VI
2
8
50
a
c
L
2
e
Layer
1:""; ... and 20 2 -20 4
70
interpolated
3
hour
8
60
?
1?
50
0
2
40
.
0)
carbon steels
c
3
30
20
10
0
0
100
20 0
300
400
500
600
700 800
Temperature
(&quo...
...
sections
6
x
12,
3
x
12
and
1.5
x
12
mm, all
reduced as
though
cast only
in
a section
3
x
12
mm.
AI
-
~CU
Data from
6
x
12 test
A
A
Data from
3
x
12 test
0
Data ...
"C
1570
1
o
1 620
I
10
500
E
E
400
$
300
5
20 0
0
2
4
6
8
Strip thickness, mm
a
LM2511.5 mm
0
LM25 12. 5 mm
A
LM2513.5 mm
A
LM2516.5 mm
0
L...
... from (Theile 19 62) .
50
40
-
v
E,
m
30
a,
Y
0
r,
20
a,
E
10
6
/
Moist
air
OWN
1
I
I
I
I
20 40 60
80
100 120
Time (hours)
beans, is an essential concept for the understanding ... eutectic liquid (data points
in brackets) (Campbell
1969).
...
taking place over
2 4
8
16 32 64
25 0
1000 10 20
40
80
160
scales)
decades at
20 %.
Data from Street
Years at
20 °C
(1977).
Days at
20 °C
ZA
27
alloy
Data from
20 °C
-
Data from ... cavity are
summarized in Figure 7 .26 . Without exception, all
22 0
Castings
16°C 20 -33°C 35°C
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
7.15
Cross-section of
25
mm diameter wax
castings inje...
...
2. 38)
Eq.
(1
2. 38).
and
( 12. 40),
the cigcnvalue problem for determining the marginal stale
(a
=
0)
is
(
D2
-
k2)’i,.
=
(1
+
ax)&,
(
D2
-
k2)2he
=
-Fd
k%,:
(1
2. 87) ... Eq. ( 12. 72) : the iirst and third
of
Eq. ( 12. 72)
are
added; the rest are simply transformed. The result is
iki
+
i,,
=
0.
These equations
are
exactly the sanc
as
Eq.
(...