Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 6 docx

... stochastic gradient algorithms since theinstantaneous estimate of the gradient vector is a random vector that depends on the input data90 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -9 0 -7 5 -6 0 -4 5 -3 0 -1 5 ... such low-complexity algorithms are the binormalized data-reusing least mean-square (BN-DRLMS) [ 162 ], the normalized new data-reusing (NNDR) [ 163 ], and the afﬁne-projection(AP) [ 164 – 166 ] algorithms. ... 45 60 75 90(degrees) -6 0 -5 0 -4 0 -3 0 -2 0 -1 00102030Beampattern (dB)Adaptive beamformingClassical beamformingSOISNOI SNOIFIGURE 6. 1: Classical and adaptive beamforming.and weight vectors...

Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 3 docx

... ﬁxed to the optimum direction (toward which the signal -to- noiseratio is maximized). In this direction the maximum of the pattern is ideally toward the desiredsignal.30 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS 0 ... 40b(dB)10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 1PbMRC diversityAWGN channelL=1L=2L=3L=4FIGURE 3 .6: The MRC diversity technique [72].because large structures that are required for space-diversity ... 26 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS Adaptive arrays based on DSP algorithms can, in principle, receive desired signalsfrom any angle of arrival. However, the output signal -to- interference plus-noise...

Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 4 docx

... Reception part of a smart antenna [20]. 60 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -1 80 -1 50 -1 20 -9 0 -6 0 -3 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180(degrees) -8 0 -6 0 -4 0 -2 00Gain (dB)FIGURE 4. 26: Normalized radiation ... 1y2yNBeamformer 2Beamformer NFIGURE 4. 16: SDMA system block diagram [94, 95]. SMART ANTENNAS 63 -1 80 -1 50 -1 20 -9 0 -6 0 -3 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180(degrees) -8 0 -6 0 -4 0 -2 00Gain (dB)FIGURE 4.28: Normalized ... pattern SMART ANTENNAS 67 -1 80 -1 50 -1 20 -9 0 -6 0 -3 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180(degrees) -5 0 -4 0 -3 0 -2 0 -1 0010Gain (dB)With mutual couplingNo mutual couplingFIGURE 4.30: Comparison of array factors...

Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 1 ppsx

... seriesSYNTHESIS LECTURES ON ANTENNAS #5Lecture #5Series Editor: Constantine A. Balanis, Arizona State UniversityFirst Edition10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1vi INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS 4.4 Smart Antenna Conﬁgurations ... reliable and robust high-speed high-data-rate transmission. Thepurpose of this book is to provide the reader a broad view of the system aspects of smart antennas. In fact, smart antenna systems ... traveling onvehicles. To aggravate furtherthe capacity prob-lem, in 1990s the Internet gave the people the tool to get data on-demand (e.g., stock quotes,news, weather reports, e-mails, etc.) and...

Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 2 pps

... ThroughputChannel Bandwidth. (2.1)20 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Normalized Frequency (f T) -0 .4 -0 .20.00.20.40 .6 0.81.0Normalized AmplitudeFIGURE 2.11: OFDM ... for delivering12 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS cellmicrocellFIGURE 2 .6: Cell-splitting.problem was to subdivide a cell into smaller cells; this technique is referred to as cell splitting[44].2.5.2 ... insteadFIGURE2.8: Sectorized cellular network employing three sectors, each one covering 120◦ﬁeld of view.8 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS the services that customers are demanding today [37]. A...

Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 5 ppsx

... observationsbecome “full-rank”. The approach of MUSIC, and other subspace-based methods, is to ﬁrst82 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -9 0 -7 5 -6 0 -4 5 -3 0 -1 5 0 15 30 45 60 75 90(degrees)05101520253035MUSIC ... vector wavenumber of the incident plane from the ith narrowband source andD is the vector displacement between the two subarrays. If we assume the total array to be80 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS is ... is to apply appropriate methods to the received signals so as to extract the regionθ outoftherangeof.If noise was absent in (5.7), the observations x(t) would be conﬁned entirely to theK-dimensional...

Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 7 ppsx

... cochannelinterference.110 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -3 0-3 0 -2 0-2 0 -1 0-1 0 0090 60 30030 60 90dBE-planeH-planeFIGURE 7.3: Single element microstrip patch radiation patterns; E-plane (φ = 0◦) and H-plane ... received power. However, with smart 122 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS 0 5 10 15 20 25024 6 8Load (# packets)Delay (# packets)Train - 6% Train - 10%Train - 20%Omnidirectional101214FIGURE ... in such cases, it is suggested to initially use the DMI algorithm in112 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS TABLE 7.1: Signals Used to Test the Smart Antenna System [69 ]SOI SNOIDOA θ0φ0θ1φ1Case...

Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 8 potx

... station)space-timeprocessing smart antennas MISO/SIMOMIMOFIGURE 8.3: Space–time processing; applications and beneﬁts [25].132 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS is considered to be frequency-ﬂat, the ... Nevertheless, extremely good Signal -to- Noise-ratios are required to achieve this goal.Multiple antennas on the terminal side are believed to increase the rate further [2 26] andtorelax the SNR requirements. ... multiple antennas at the BS and a single antenna at theMS. The MS radiates omnidirectionally, while the BS is able to adapt its antenna pattern1 46 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS −20 0 20 40 60 80...

Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 9 pdf

... adaptive beam-forming. Fig. 9.2 illustrates the functional diagram of Spotlight.Another product by the same company is the SmartCell. It is a targeted, sector-by-sector smart antenna ... to continual advances in theﬁeld, it is expected that the usage of smart antennas will continue to grow.COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY OF SMART ANTENNAS 153FIGURE 9.3: The use of standard or custom ... 152 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS The company’s smart antenna system is patented under the name of Spotlightand ithas installed, as of October 2002, 420 Spotlightbase...

Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 10 pdf

... spectra,”Nature, vol. 161 , pp. 68 6 68 7, 1948.[132] P. Stoica and R. Moses, Introduction to Spectral Analysis. UpperSaddleRiver,NJ:Prentice-Hall, 1997.REFERENCES 163 [61 ] R. T. Compton Jr., R. Huff, ... Press), vol. 50,pp. 83–89, 19 96. [Online]. Available: http://danube.ee.washington.edu/downloadable/hliu/surveytong2.pdf doi:10.10 16/ 0 16 5-1 68 4( 96) 0001 3-8 [204] L. Tong and S. Perreau, “Multichannel ... Available:www.iec.org/online/tutorials /smart antennas [5] Smart antennas, ” CDMA Development Group, 2004. [Online]. Available:http://www.cdg.org/technology/cdmatechnology /smart antennas/ index.asp [6] M. Chryssomallis, “Smart...

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