Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 6 docx

... stochastic gradient algorithms since the instantaneous estimate of the gradient vector is a random vector that depends on the input data 90 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -9 0 -7 5 -6 0 -4 5 -3 0 -1 5 ... such low-complexity algorithms are the binormalized data-reusing least mean-square (BN- DRLMS) [ 162 ], the normalized new data-reusing (NNDR) [ 163 ], and the affine...

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... fixed to the optimum direction (toward which the signal -to- noise ratio is maximized). In this direction the maximum of the pattern is ideally toward the desired signal. 30 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS 0 ... 40 b (dB) 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 1 P b MRC diversity AWGN channel L=1 L=2 L=3L=4 FIGURE 3 .6: The MRC diversity technique [72]....

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... Reception part of a smart antenna [20]. 60 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -1 80 -1 50 -1 20 -9 0 -6 0 -3 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 (degrees) -8 0 -6 0 -4 0 -2 0 0 Gain (dB) FIGURE 4. 26: Normalized radiation ... 1 y 2 y N Beamformer 2 Beamformer N FIGURE 4. 16: SDMA system block diagram [94, 95]. SMART ANTENNAS 63 -1 80 -1 50 -1 20 -9 0...

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... series SYNTHESIS LECTURES ON ANTENNAS #5 Lecture #5 Series Editor: Constantine A. Balanis, Arizona State University First Edition 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 vi INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS 4.4 Smart Antenna Configurations ... reliable and robust high-speed high-data-rate transmission. The purpose of this book is to provide the reader a broad view of the system aspects of smart a...

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... Throughput Channel Bandwidth . (2.1) 20 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Normalized Frequency (f T) -0 .4 -0 .2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0 .6 0.8 1.0 Normalized Amplitude FIGURE 2.11: OFDM ... for delivering 12 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS cell microcel l FIGURE 2 .6: Cell-splitting. problem was to subdivide a cell...

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... observations become “full-rank”. The approach of MUSIC, and other subspace-based methods, is to first 82 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -9 0 -7 5 -6 0 -4 5 -3 0 -1 5 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 (degrees) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 MUSIC ... vector wavenumber of the incident plane from the ith narrowband source and D is the vector displacement between the two subarrays. If we ass...

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... cochannel interference. 110 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -3 0-3 0 -2 0-2 0 -1 0-1 0 00 90 60 30 0 30 60 90 dB E-plane H-plane FIGURE 7.3: Single element microstrip patch radiation patterns; E-plane (φ = 0 ◦ ) and H-plane ... received power. However, with smart 122 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 2 4 6 8 Load (# packets) Delay (# packet...

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... station) space-time processing smart antennas MISO/SIMO MIMO FIGURE 8.3: Space–time processing; applications and benefits [25]. 132 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS is considered to be frequency-flat, the ... Nevertheless, extremely good Signal -to- Noise-ratios are required to achieve this goal. Multiple antennas on the terminal side are believed to increase the rate further...

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... adaptive beam-forming. Fig. 9.2 illustrates the functional diagram of Spotlight  . Another product by the same company is the SmartCell  . It is a targeted, sector-by- sector smart antenna ... to continual advances in the field, it is expected that the usage of smart antennas will continue to grow. COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY OF SMART ANTENNAS 153 FIGURE 9.3: The use of standard or...

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... spectra,” Nature, vol. 161 , pp. 68 6 68 7, 1948. [132] P. Stoica and R. Moses, Introduction to Spectral Analysis. UpperSaddleRiver,NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1997. REFERENCES 163 [61 ] R. T. Compton Jr., R. Huff, ... Press), vol. 50, pp. 83–89, 19 96. [Online]. Available: http://danube.ee.washington.edu/downloadable/ hliu/survey tong2.pdf doi:10.10 16/ 0 16 5-1 68 4( 96) 0001 3-8 [204]...

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