Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 3 docx

... INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 b (dB) 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 1 P b MRC diversity AWGN channel L=1 L=2 L=3L=4 FIGURE 3. 6: The MRC diversity technique [72]. because ... fixed to the optimum direction (toward which the signal -to- noise ratio is maximized). In this direction the maximum of the pattern is ideally...

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... pattern SMART ANTENNAS 67 -1 80 -1 50 -1 20 -9 0 -6 0 -3 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 (degrees) -5 0 -4 0 -3 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 10 Gain (dB) With mutual coupling No mutual coupling FIGURE 4 .30 : Comparison of array factors ... diagram [94, 95]. SMART ANTENNAS 63 -1 80 -1 50 -1 20 -9 0 -6 0 -3 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 (degrees) -8 0 -6...

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... that depends on the input data 90 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -9 0 -7 5 -6 0 -4 5 -3 0 -1 5 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 (degrees) -6 0 -5 0 -4 0 -3 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 10 20 30 Beampattern (dB) Adaptive beamforming Classical ... signal pattern shaping is to simultaneously place a beam maximum toward the signal-of-interest (SOI) and ideally nulls toward dir...

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... 6 5 4 3 2 1 vi INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS 4.4 Smart Antenna Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.4.1 Switched-Beam Antennas ... reliable and robust high-speed high-data-rate transmission. The purpose of this book is to provide the reader a broad view of the system aspects of smart antennas. In fact,...

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... Throughput Channel Bandwidth . (2.1) 20 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Normalized Frequency (f T) -0 .4 -0 .2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Normalized Amplitude FIGURE ... instead FIGURE2.8: Sectorized cellular network employing three sectors, each one covering 120 ◦ field of view. 8 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNA...

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... “full-rank”. The approach of MUSIC, and other subspace-based methods, is to first 82 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -9 0 -7 5 -6 0 -4 5 -3 0 -1 5 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 (degrees) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 MUSIC ... vector wavenumber of the incident plane from the ith narrowband source and D is the vector displacement between the two subarrays. If we assume the total arr...

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... and lower sidelobes lead to lower cochannel interference. 110 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -3 0 -3 0 -2 0-2 0 -1 0-1 0 00 90 60 30 0 30 60 90 dB E-plane H-plane FIGURE 7 .3: Single element microstrip ... However, with smart 122 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 2 4 6 8 Load (# packets) Delay (# packets) Train - 6% Train - 10% Train...

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... station) space-time processing smart antennas MISO/SIMO MIMO FIGURE 8 .3: Space–time processing; applications and benefits [25]. 132 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS is considered to be frequency-flat, the ... [28] MULTIPLEXING TIME-DIVISION Sectors per cell 3 Base station antennas 120 ◦ perfect sectorization Terminal antennas Omnidirectional Frequency reuse Universal Propaga...

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... to continual advances in the field, it is expected that the usage of smart antennas will continue to grow. COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY OF SMART ANTENNAS 1 53 FIGURE 9 .3: The use of standard or custom ... adaptive beam-forming. Fig. 9.2 illustrates the functional diagram of Spotlight  . Another product by the same company is the SmartCell  . It is a targeted, sector-by- sector smar...

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... 1976. doi:10.1109/TAP.1976.11414 13 [62] R. A. Monzingo and T. W. Miller, Introduction to Adaptive Arrays. Scitech Publishing Inc., Oct. 20 03, Mendham, NJ. ISBN 1-8 9112 1-2 4 -3 . [ 63] I. Gupta and A. Ksienski, ... Communications Engineering, Otto-Hahn- Allee, D-2 835 9 Bremen, Germany, Tech. Rep., 20 03. [Online]. Available: http://www.ant.uni-bremen.de/whomes/scherb/puplication...

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