Introduction to Smart Antennas - Chapter 2 pps

... 20 01 20 02 2003 20 04 20 05 20 06 Year 0 100 20 0 300 400 500 600 700 Millions of Units 1998 1999 20 00 20 01 20 02 2003 20 04 20 05 20 06 Ye a r 0 500 1000 1500 20 00 Millions of Subscribers FIGURE 2. 2: (a) ... (2. 1) 20 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Normalized Frequency (f T) -0 .4 -0 .2 0....

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... . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3 .2. 1 Isotropic Radiators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 3 .2. 2 Omnidirectional Antennas. . . . . . . ... series SYNTHESIS LECTURES ON ANTENNAS #5 Lecture #5 Series Editor: Constantine A. Balanis, Arizona State University First Edition 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 vi INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTEN...

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... observations become “full-rank”. The approach of MUSIC, and other subspace-based methods, is to first 82 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -9 0 -7 5 -6 0 -4 5 -3 0 -1 5 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 (degrees) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 MUSIC ... FUNDAMENTALS 71 Collector 3 S i g n a l 1 ~ s 1 Collector 2 S ign a l 2 ~ s 2 Collector 1 α 1 α 2 α 3 FIGURE 5.1: Illus...

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... cochannel interference. 110 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -3 0-3 0 -2 0 -2 0 -1 0-1 0 00 90 60 30 0 30 60 90 dB E-plane H-plane FIGURE 7.3: Single element microstrip patch radiation patterns; E-plane (φ = 0 ◦ ) and H-plane ... power. However, with smart 122 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 2 4 6 8 Load (# packets) Delay (# packets) Train...

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... ANTENNAS 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 b (dB) 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 1 P b MRC diversity AWGN channel L=1 L =2 L=3L=4 FIGURE 3.6: The MRC diversity technique [ 72] . because large structures ... fixed to the optimum direction (toward which the signal -to- noise ratio is maximized). In this direction the maximum of the pattern is ideally toward t...

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... diagram [94, 95]. SMART ANTENNAS 63 -1 80 -1 50 -1 20 -9 0 -6 0 -3 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 (degrees) -8 0 -6 0 -4 0 -2 0 0 Gain (dB) FIGURE 4 .28 : Normalized radiation pattern for a weighted five-sensor array. where ... pattern SMART ANTENNAS 67 -1 80 -1 50 -1 20 -9 0 -6 0 -3 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 (degrees) -5 0 -4 0 -3 0...

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... that depends on the input data 90 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS -9 0 -7 5 -6 0 -4 5 -3 0 -1 5 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 (degrees) -6 0 -5 0 -4 0 -3 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 10 20 30 Beampattern (dB) Adaptive beamforming Classical ... weight vector is [22 ] w opt = R −1 xx  C H R −1 xx C  −1 g ∗ . (6 .22 ) 98 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS its low comput...

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... signal -to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for the desired user. The potential of the 2D RAKE has been evaluated and proved by various studies [22 0 22 2]. For L resolvable paths and N-element ... station) space-time processing smart antennas MISO/SIMO MIMO FIGURE 8.3: Space–time processing; applications and benefits [25 ]. 1 32 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS is considered...

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... 1 52 INTRODUCTION TO SMART ANTENNAS The company’s smart antenna system is patented under the name of Spotlight  and it has installed, as of October 20 02, 420 Spotlight  base ... to 50% in three-sector sites and over 90% in six-sector sites for CDMA. For further detail on Metawave and its products refer to [22 7, 22 8]. Reports from Metawave claim up to a three times capa...

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... arrays using cou- pling matrix,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 28 , no. 4, pp. 23 1 23 7, Feb. 20 01. doi:10.10 02/ 109 8 -2 760 (20 01 022 0 )28 :4< ;23 1::AID-MOP1004>3.0.CO ; 2- P [1 12] H. T. Hui, “Improved ... pp. 29 5–300. doi:full text [22 7] P. Mannion, Communication Systems Design. Paul Miller, June 20 02, ch. Smart Bases- tations Maximize Capacity, pp. 15 20 . [22...

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