Modern Analytical Cheymistry - Chapter 13 pot

... of analysis. 626 Modern Analytical Chemistry Chemical kinetic methods Direct-computation methods Curve-fitting methods Integral methods Rate methods Fixed-time One-point Two-point Variable-time One-point Two-point Initial ... initial con- centration of analyte, [A] 0 , is calculated using equation 13. 2, 13. 6, or 13. 8, depend- ing on whether the reaction follows first-order, pseudo-f...

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... 144) dissociation constant (p. 144) enthalpy (p. 137 ) entropy (p. 137 ) equilibrium (p. 136 ) equilibrium constant (p. 138 ) formation constant (p. 144) Gibb’s free energy (p. 137 ) Henderson–Hasselbalch equation ... potential under standard-state conditions. Dividing through by –nF leads to the well-known Nernst equation. 146 Modern Analytical Chemistry *Separating a redox reaction...

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... NO) 23 23 96 3 96 3 23 96 3 23 96 3 96 3 96 3 252 Modern Analytical Chemistry 1400-CH08 9/9/99 2:18 PM Page 252 262 Modern Analytical Chemistry EXAMPLE 8. 7 A 26.23-mg sample of MgC 2 O 4 •H 2 O and inert ... analysis, a 127.3-mg sample of an alloy containing iron, manganese, and other metals was dissolved in acid and 268 Modern Analytical Chemistry 268 Modern Analytical Chemi...

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... 6, 7, 8 7 7, 8, 9 8 8, 9, 10 9 8, 10, 11 10 10, 11, 12 11 11, 12, 13 12 12, 13, 14 follow rule 3 13 13, 14, 15 14 13, 15, 16 15 13, 16, 17 follow rule 3 16 16, 17, 18 17 16, 18, 19 18 16, 19, 20 ... algorithm. In a one-factor-at-a-time optimization, one factor is varied while holding constant all other factors, until there is no further improvement in the response. The process then con...

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... Practice 649 13C.2 Instrumentation 651 13C.3 Quantitative Applications 655 13C.4 Evaluation 658 13D Key Terms 658 13E Summary 659 13F Suggested Experiments 659 13G Problems 661 13H Suggested ... 642 13B.1 Theory and Practice 643 13B.2 Instrumentation 643 13B.3 Quantitative Applications 644 13B.4 Characterization Applications 647 13B.5 Evaluation 648 13C Flow Injection Analysis 649 13C.1 ... t...

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... outlined earlier. 101 99 102= . 22 91 0152 16 302 0 2136 1 0 214 . × == 14 Modern Analytical Chemistry 1400-CH02 9/8/99 3:48 PM Page 14 20 Modern Analytical Chemistry 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 [H + ] ... solute per unit volume or unit mass of solution. 1400-CH02 9/8/99 3:48 PM Page 15 12 Modern Analytical Chemistry 2A Numbers in Analytical Chemistry Analytical c...

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... evaluating analytical methods may be found in Wilson, A. L. “The Performance-Characteristics of Analytical Methods,” Part I-Talanta, 1970, 17, 21–29; Part II-Talanta, 1970, 17, 31–44; Part III-Talanta, ... a new method to those ob- tained using a method of known accuracy. Chapter 14 provides a more detailed dis- cussion of validation techniques. Chapter 3 The Language of Analytical...

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... a yes- or-no question, two examples of which were given at the beginning of this sec- tion. A null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis provide answers to the ques- tion. The null hypothesis, ... null hypothesis is rejected, then the alternative hypothesis must be accepted. When a null hypothesis is not rejected, it is said to be retained rather than accepted. A null hypothesis is re- tai...

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... and experiments help connect the material in this chapter to the analytical laboratory. Experiments 1400-CH05 9/8/99 3:59 PM Page 130 132 Modern Analytical Chemistry Signal Signal C A (a) C A Signal Signal C A (b) C A Signal Signal C A (c) C A Figure ... calibration blank 0.1441 0.1409 0 .139 0 Use reagent blank 0.1494 0.1449 0.1422 Use both calibration and reagent blank 0.1227 0.12...

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... preserved by controlling the solu- 194 Modern Analytical Chemistry 1400-CH07 9/8/99 4:03 PM Page 194 Colorplate 4 shows an example of a liquid–liquid extraction. 218 Modern Analytical Chemistry (b) The ... outlined in Figure 7 .13, which shows a plot of temperature versus the vapor-phase and liquid-phase composition of a mixture consisting of a low-boiling analyte and a high-boiling i...

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