Modern Analytical Cheymistry - Chapter 4 doc

... )(. ) 140 0-CH 04 9/8/99 3: 54 PM Page 70 64 Modern Analytical Chemistry uncertainty The range of possible values for a measurement. 4 B. 3 Error and Uncertainty Analytical chemists ... + A 2 A B 2 B X ts n X ts n A A A B B B ±=± Chapter 4 Evaluating Analytical Data 89 µ µ AA A A BB B B =± =± X ts n X ts n 140 0-CH 04 9/8/99 3:55 PM Page 89 Chapter 4 Evalu...

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... acid 4 2 2 2 –2 .369 24 24 24 ×× ×HO HO HO g 4. 737 10 mol Fe 1 mol C mol Fe = 2.369 10 mol C 4 3+ 2 3+ 4 2 ×× × HO HO 24 24 2 0 0130 0 03 644 . . mol Fe L L = 4. 737 10 Fe 3+ 4 3+ ××mol 140 0-CH02 9/8/99 3 :48 ... 21361 0 2 14 . × == 14 Modern Analytical Chemistry 140 0-CH02 9/8/99 3 :48 PM Page 14 20 Modern Analytical Chemistry 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0....

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... Applications 43 7 10H .4 Evaluation 44 0 10I Spectroscopy Based on Scattering 44 1 10I.1 Origin of Scattering 44 1 10I.2 Turbidimetry and Nephelometry 44 1 10J Key Terms 44 6 10K Summary 44 6 10L Suggested ... 54 4A.2 Measures of Spread 55 4B Characterizing Experimental Errors 57 4B.1 Accuracy 57 4B.2 Precision 62 4B.3 Error and Uncertainty 64 4C Propagation of Uncertainty 64 4C.1...

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... a method with excellent selectivity to avoid 44 Modern Analytical Chemistry 140 0-CH03 9/8/99 3:51 PM Page 44 3 E.2 Calibration and Standardization Analytical chemists make a distinction between ... II-Talanta, 1970, 17, 31 44 ; Part III-Talanta, 1973, 20, 725–732; Part IV- Talanta, 19 74, 21, 1109–1121. Several texts provide numerous examples of analytical procedures for specific...

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... 3 644 6 0 02 24= = .–(.)(.) . b 1 2 6 6 145 1 0 3 644 44 949 9 6 0 049 9 0 3 644 122 985== ()(. )–(. )( . ) ()(. )–(. ) . 126 Modern Analytical Chemistry 80 60 40 20 0 S meas C A 0.0 0.20.1 0.3 0 .4 0.5 ... 0.28 34 35.0270 0.0283 3.5027 0.200 24. 83 0.2313 0. 046 3 5. 743 2 0.0093 1. 148 6 0.300 35.91 0.0671 0.0201 2 .40 96 0.0060 0.7229 0 .40 0 48 .79 0.02 34 0.00 94 1. 141 7 0...

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... S 2– 0.5 Pb 2+ , CO 3 2– , SO 3 2– 0 .45 Hg 2 2+ , SO 4 2– , S 2 O 3 2– , CrO 4 2– , HPO 4 2– 0 .40 Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Cr 3+ 0.9 PO 4 3– , Fe(CN) 6 3– 0 .4 Zr 4+ , Ce 4+ , Sn 4+ 1.1 Fe(CN) 6 4 0.5 Source: Values ... from the solvent (K b ). 140 0-CH06 9/9/99 7 :40 AM Page 141 148 Modern Analytical Chemistry Solving for K gives the equilibrium constant as log K = 40 .65...

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... 5.8 3.0 5 .4 11.5 6.0 3.5 5 .4 12.0 5.6 4. 0 4. 4 12.5 5.6 4. 5 4. 8 13.0 5 .4 5.0 4. 8 13.5 4. 9 5.5 4. 2 14. 0 5.2 6.0 4. 2 14. 5 4. 4 6.5 3.8 15.0 4. 0 7.0 4. 0 15.5 4. 5 7.5 4. 0 16.0 4. 0 8.0 3.9 16.5 5.0 8.5 4. 7 ... 0.507 0.25 0.2515 0. 847 0. 246 5 0.598 0.2770 0 .43 1 0. 246 0 0. 842 0. 248 5 0.9 64 0.2590 1.178 0.50 0.50 84 1.009 0 .49 54 0. 947 0.5286 0.618...

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... 1.590 43 .21 52.10 49 .49 2 4 1. 745 40 .62 48 .83 46 .00 4 6 1.619 41 .23 52.86 47 . 84 6–8 1.611 42 .10 50.59 47 .13 8–10 1.658 43 .62 51.88 47 .53 10–12 1.628 43 . 24 49 .45 45 .31 12– 14 1.633 43 .08 47 .92 44 .20 14 16 ... magnitude smaller. pH H 3 PO 4 H 2 PO 4 – H 2 PO 4 – HPO 4 2– HPO 4 2– p K a3 = 12.35 p K a2 = 7.20 p K a1 = 2.15 PO 4 3– 14 12...

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... M NaOH Volume of NaOH (mL) pH 0.00 2.88 5.00 3.81 10.00 4. 16 15.00 4. 39 20.00 4. 58 25.00 4. 76 30.00 4. 94 35.00 5.13 40 .00 5.36 45 .00 5.71 48 .00 6. 14 50.00 8.73 52.00 11.29 55.00 11.68 60.00 11.96 65.00 ... 55 48 10 44 6 [] (( . HO M)(50 mL) M) (45 mL) M 3 + aa bb ab = − + = ×−× + =× −− − MV MV VV 110 110 50 45 53 10 44 6 pH p neut s = 1 2 K Chapter 9 Titrimetric...

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... fluctuations in source intensity s C k T C = 0 43 4 3 . log s C k TT C =+ 0 43 4 1 1 2 . log skT T T =+ 2 2 s C k TT C = 0 43 4 1 . log 140 0-CH10 9/8/99 4: 18 PM Page 41 0 The intensity of photons passing ... Fe(o-phenanthroline) 3 2+ . 5 s 4 s Energy 3 s 5 p 5 p 4 p 3 p 3 p 4 p 330.3 330.2 818.3 819.5 589.0 589.6 1138.3 1 140 .4 4 d 3 d Figure 10.18 Valence shell energy diagr...

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