Báo cáo y học: "Ethics review: Strong ion difference in urine: new perspectives in acid–base assessment" docx

... amount of strong ion difference as SID (mEq), while we will refer to the strong ion difference concentration as [SID] (mEq/l). By definition, strong ions are always dissociated in a solution. In plasma, ... gamblegrams during ideal conditions and during acidosis. In ideal conditions the difference between positively and negatively charged strong ions is equal to 42 mEq...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... for citation purposes) determining hospital mortality in very long stay ICU patients. Clinical decisions regarding individual very long stay patients clearly require incorporating other individualized ... discharge. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors' contributions JF was involved in the conception and design of the study, acquisiti...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... over any other non- medical opinion, with the exception of any advance direc- tives, in the decisions concerning investigation, intervention or treatment made by the doctor.” [9] According to ... dying”; by legalising decisions to forego life-sustaining treatments; by promoting strategies to improve patient comfort and palliative care to alleviate patient suffering; by decreasing psycho- lo...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

... providing an evidence-based opinion of whether each study should change clinical practice (see the editorial by Milbrandt and Vincent [8]). In 2005 we intend to continue this trend, providing our ... have decided to consolidate the print and online versions by renaming the online version Critical Care, rather than Critical Care Forum. The original idea of calling the website a ‘forum’ was t...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:21

... to limit certain life-sustaining therapies including cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ventilation and ICU admission [29,30]. Poten- tially because of this, the majority of studies analysing the financial ... Wales. Interpreting advance decisions in the intensive care unit The majority of ADs that have been encountered in the intensive care setting are general in nature regarding the limit...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:21

... identified. Links are established to inform local/regional back-up hospitals if we need help. 3. Capacity (including staffing) How do we ensure that security (including checking of staff identity) is maintained? Who ... ICU. Review Clinical review: The role of the intensive care physician in mass casualty incidents: planning, organisation, and leadership Peter J Shirley and Gerlinde Mande...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 10:20

... ventilation is not indicated since this will delay reintubation. Reintubation should be considered early after onset of laryngeal edema to adequately secure an airway. Reintubation leads to increased ... edema requiring reintubation [6]. Complications The main complication of post-extubation laryngeal edema is reintubation. The incidence of extubation failure, however, varies widely – inciden...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 19:20

... by the loss of coordinated atrial contraction, by irregularity of ventricular contraction [43], by inadequate filling time for the left ventricle due to tachycardia, and by tachycardiomyopathy [8,44]. ... –174G/C interleukin-6 polymorphism influences post- operative interleukin-6 levels and postoperative atrial fibrilla- tion. Is atrial fibrillation an inflammatory complication? Circulation 2...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:35

... categorized into five broad stages: prescription, trans- cription, preparation, dispensation, and administration [9]. An error can occur at any point in this process. A medication error is any error in ... cumulative working hours 2. Minimize interruptions and distractions 3. Trainee supervision and graduated responsibility Oversight and error interception 1. Intensivist participation in...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:35

... loads in vertebrae, particularly in vertebrae with altered extrinsic and intrinsic structural integrity. Peak loads in individuals will vary due to differences in activity levels and incidences ... age-related decline in motor unit numbers, progressive habitual inactivity or pain inhibition [60]. As weakness in the extensor muscles increases, they are less able to maintain the...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 09:49