Báo cáo y học: "Clinical review: The meaning of acid–base abnormalities in the intensive care unit – effects of fluid administration" potx

... damage [2 6–3 7]. In a murine hyperoxia model, the effects of lisofylline on the activa- tion of NF-κB and CREB, on the expression of proinflamma- tory cytokines in the lungs and on the circulating levels ... infiltration into the lungs and to increased pulmonary proinflammatory cytokine expression [7]. However, the initial events induced by hyperoxia, thereby lead...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... in the proximal tubules of inflamed kidneys but not in normal kidneys [48]. In other organs, VEGF gene expression is induced by hypoxia and by cytokines. To identify the cellular mechanisms in ... Care 2002, 6:4-6. Critical Care February 2003 Vol 7 No 1 Haddad 50 DNA binding. In hypoxia, cytokines strongly increased HIF-1 activity compared with the effect of hypoxia al...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... combination. The single exception is the addition of weak base (e.g. tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane) [6], which is normally absent from body fluids. Review Clinical review: The meaning of acid–base abnormalities ... Treating acid–base abnormalities in the intensive care unit – the role of buffers. Crit Care 2004, 8:259-265. 17. Mathieu D, Neviere R,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... V t received by the patient depends on a number of factors, including the size of the endotracheal tube, the airway resistance, and the compliance of the total respira- tory system. Unfortunately, there ... this, the results are very encouraging and point to the need for further investigation. There are several unanswered questions regarding HFOV in adults. These inclu...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:22

... because in the Kybersept study patients with a past history of stroke, or cranial or spinal trauma were excluded if the event had occurred within the past year. In that study the incidence of ICH in ... is indicated. Finally, the type and source of infection, and its anticipated natural history, may determine whether drotrecogin alfa (activated) is indicated as well as...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:22

... hypertension [29,4 3–4 5]. In addition to activation of the renin–angiotensin system, vasopressin, endothelin, and catecholamines are postulated to play important roles in the pathophysiology of ... the pathophysiology of malignant hypertension [42]. Activation of the renin–angiotensin system has been strongly implicated in the initiation and perpetuation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:22

... utility identified in some studies that is conspicuously lacking in others? The answer may be found in the timing. Much like base excess, the value of the SIG may be related to the time of assay. ... for other injuries in isolation or combination. The interpretation of SBE must therefore incorporate the injury complex into decision-making, perhaps limiting its util...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... 8-year retrospective study in which they investigated the changes in clinical practice of NIV in COPD patients. In that survey the failure rate with NIV was constant over time, regardless of the increasing ... limited. In these studies the enrolment of patients with only slightly compromised respiratory function may account for the absence of relevant physiological...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... protein are typical findings, but they add little in determining the specific diagnosis. The urea and creatinine can vary enormously, and premorbid values are particularly important in interpreting ... Pragmatically, because distinguishing WG from MPA does not change therapy in the ICU, it is only necessary to identify the presence of a small vessel vasculitis and not to class...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... died within 2 years; CSS was nearly universally fatal, with 50% of deaths within the first year. PAN had a 5-year survival of 13%, again with most deaths occurring in the early stages of the disease. However, ... immunosuppressive therapy. In this second part of the review we consider the role played by the ICU in their treatment and look at the prognosis of the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20