Báo cáo y học: "Science review: Quantitative acid–base physiology using the Stewart model" doc

... across the whole organism [17]. Stewart theory and mechanism Finally, the Stewart model is taken by some to be a mechanistic description of acid–base chemistry in which changes only occur by alteration ... seen whether the renovation of acid–base assessment afforded by the Stewart approach constitutes a radical new architecture for understanding acid–base physiology, or w...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... constitutively by extravascular cells (pericytes, cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, keratinocytes) and by vascular monocytes and endothelial cells upon induction by inflammatory cytokines or endotoxin ... analyzed the specificity of PAR cleavage by coagulation complexes in overexpression systems, as well as in primary endothelial cells. Free Xa inefficiently cleaves PARs [19,22]. However...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... circulatory system, exiting only when they are summoned by signals that emanate from the extravascular compartment. Other cells of the innate immune system, including the macrophage and the dendritic cell, ... septic shock. In part, they do so by triggering the release of many secondary cytokines, includ- ing IL-6, and numerous chemokines, which may further con- tribute to the sep...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... partial pressure for oxygen to the fraction of oxygen in the inspired air. 240 lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl ... in the lung results in the release of these mediators into the systemic circulation where they may play a role in end organ dysfunction. Mechanical strain also reduces the active sodi...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... purulent airway secretions that are difficult to clear, even with physiotherapy. In the search for a potential treatment, Ghio et al. tested tyloxapol, an alkylaryl polyether alcohol polymer detergent, ... activation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key components of the pathways leading to the activation of NF-κB, whose binding activity is obliterated by N-acetyl- L-cysteine (NAC) an...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... γγ -glutamylcysteine synthetase, augments LPS- mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis: evidence for the implication of an I κκ B- αα /NF- κκ B insensitive pathway. Eur Cytokine Netw ... of the hallmarks of the processes that regulate gene transcription in physiology and pathophysiology. Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species serve as signaling messengers for...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... that exhibit specificity for both the type of leukocyte on which they are expressed and the ligand to which they bind. The specificity of chemoattractant-induced leukocyte chemotaxis is related ... faster than the larger leukocytes, especially in the center of the vessel, pushing leukocytes to the vessel periphery [12]. Physical forces involved in the erythrocyte–leukocyte int...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... main hypotheses that link apoptosis with the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been pos- tulated, namely the ‘neutrophilic hypothesis’ and the ‘epithelial hypothesis’. ... release of cytokines by macrophages The third mechanism whereby apoptosis of neutrophils can modify the inflammatory response is by modulating the pro- duction of proinflammatory cy...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:22

... diseases, and the study conducted by Marshall and col- leagues [57] suggests that the renin–angiotensin system may play a key role in the pathogenesis of ARDS. An entirely different set of polymorphisms ... inflammatory response is dictated by a variety of factors, including the pathogenicity and duration of the stimulus, and the balance between the proinflammatory and anti-infl...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:22

... G- proteins of the G q/11 family. The α-subunits regulate the activ- ity of the β-isoforms of phospholipase C [29]. A variety of signaling pathways is associated with the V 1 R, and these pathways include ... probably related to a polymorphism of the platelet V 1 R [49]. V 1 Rs are found in the kidney, where they occur in high density on medullary interstitial cells, vasa recta...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:22