... identi®cation of criticalcontacts and enable quanti®cation of the energetics of theprotein±carbohydrate binding at the level of individualinteracting sugar OH-groups and functional atoms orgroups in ... the protein [4,7±11]. Alternatively, site-speci®cmutants of a protein are useful in evaluation of speci®cprotein±carbohydrate i nteractions and further insight hasbeen gained by combining mutant ... application of thepresent ®ndings, ultimately, for rational protein engineering of these and other family members with other speci®cities.Contacts with invariant Arg, His, and Asp residues involvedin...