ENCYCLOPEDIA O FMATERIALS CHARACTERIZATIONC phần 10 pps

... information on additional applications is directed to the proceedings of the Ion Beam Analysis Conferences' and those from the International Conferences on the Application of Accelerators ... does not provide information on chemical bonding or microscopic structure. Hence, it is often used in conjunction with other techniques that do provide such information, such as ESCA, optic...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Vapor Phase Decomposition-Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Flame Atomic Absorption Auger Electron Spectroscopy ... Loss Spectroscopy High-Resolution Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Reflected Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Reflection Electron Energy-Loss Microscopy Low-Energy Electron-Loss Spectr...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... is colored, the stage is rotated. Colored, anisotropic materi- als may show pleochroism-a change in color or hue when the orientation with respect to the vibration direction of the polarizer ... microscope. The optical microscope offered the scientist a first look at most samples and could be used to routinely doc- ument the progress of an investigation. As the sophistication of ....

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... it is becoming widely used to monitor homogeneous surface impurities at concentrations down to 10& apos ;o- lO1' atoms/cm2 for heavy metals and 10& apos;2 -10& apos;3 atoms/cm2 for elements ... thin-film formation; evaluation of thin-film coatings or lubricants (thicknessquantity, chemical composition); failure analysis for adhesion between components, air oxi- dation, corros...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... The posrioiization methods are: electron impact ionization, ionization by multiple photon interactions, and ionization by collision with metastable atoms in a plasma. The SNMS methods incorporating ... implantation allows the introduction of a known amount of an element into a solid sample. A sample with a major component composition similar to that of the unknown sample may be implante...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... phonon-assisted photon emission or, more likely, the emission of phonons only. Process 2 produces intrinsic lumi- nescence due to direct recombination between an electron in the conduction ... grating of the monochromator is bypassed, photons of all wavelengths falling on the photomultiplier produce the panchromatic (integral) CL signal. In the dispersive mode, for a constant monochr...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... biochemistry, and medicine, where it is known under the general name of fluorometry. In PL of semiconductors, one mon- itors emission from the bottom of the conduction band to the top of ... 10& apos;7 -10& apos;9 cm-3 by observing the ratio of the peak intensity of the nitrogen-bound exciton transition to that of its LO phonon side- band, or to peaks involving nitrogen...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... Piream.' HEELS is abso- lutely nondestructive and can be used to obtain information on the chemical com- position, morphology, structure, and phonon modes of the solid surfice. Many polymer ... mine the adatom adsorption site in some cases. For polyatomic molecules, bonding to one or more metal atoms at the surface can not be distinguished in general. Good correlation does exi...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... show tungsten isotope patterns for WO+, WO,', and WO3+. Another type of interference in ICPMS is suppression of the formation of ions from trace constituents when a large amount of ... This is avoided by adding oxygen to the plasma, converting it from a reducing environment to an oxidizing one. Carbon dioxide is formed from the carbon. Other modifications include operating ....

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... &-Ray) Spectroscopy Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical ... TRXFR VPD-TXRF Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy Ultraviolet Photoemission Spectroscopy Molecular Photoelectron Spectroscopy Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Wavelength...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 16:20