ENCYCLOPEDIA O FMATERIALS CHARACTERIZATIONC phần 2 pps

... ease of observation of topographical 2. 2 SEM 77 2. 2 SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy JEPPREY B. BINDELL Contents Introduction Physical Basis and Primary Modes of Operation Instrumentation ... is colored, the stage is rotated. Colored, anisotropic materi- als may show pleochroism-a change in color or hue when the orientation with respect to the vibration direction of th...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Vapor Phase Decomposition-Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Flame Atomic Absorption Auger Electron Spectroscopy ... Loss Spectroscopy High-Resolution Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Reflected Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Reflection Electron Energy-Loss Microscopy Low-Energy Electron-Loss Spectr...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... 2 shows SEM and REELM micrographs of a sample containing ScH2 and Sc(H), the solid solution of hydrogen in scandium. Since SEM ody reveals topographic information and not composition, ... thin-film formation; evaluation of thin-film coatings or lubricants (thicknessquantity, chemical composition); failure analysis for adhesion between components, air oxi- dation, corrosion, or...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... its ionization potential (in the case of positive ions) or electron affinity (in the case of negative ions). Boron, which has an ionization potential of 8.3 eV, looses an electron much more ... The posrioiization methods are: electron impact ionization, ionization by multiple photon interactions, and ionization by collision with metastable atoms in a plasma. The SNMS methods incorpora...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... does not provide information on chemical bonding or microscopic structure. Hence, it is often used in conjunction with other techniques that do provide such information, such as ESCA, optical ... 12. 3 MOKE Magneto-optic Kerr Rotation DAVID E. FOWLER Contents Introduction History and Basic Principles Instrumentation Comparison With Other Techniques Conclusions Introdu...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... phonon-assisted photon emission or, more likely, the emission of phonons only. Process 2 produces intrinsic lumi- nescence due to direct recombination between an electron in the conduction ... from the bulk or from contamination sources that would change the mea- sured through-section composition. Ion-beam milling for short times usually removes such films deposited by electropolishin...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... biochemistry, and medicine, where it is known under the general name of fluorometry. In PL of semiconductors, one mon- itors emission from the bottom of the conduction band to the top of ... transition from the ground state to an excited state of an atom or molecule, or from the valence band to the conduction band of a semiconductor crystal (electron-hole pair creation). The ......

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... Piream.' HEELS is abso- lutely nondestructive and can be used to obtain information on the chemical com- position, morphology, structure, and phonon modes of the solid surfice. Many polymer ... shown in Figure 2. Elec- trons from an electron microscope hairpin tungsten filament are focused with an Einzel lens onto the monochromator entrance slit, pass through the monochroma-...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... show tungsten isotope patterns for WO+, WO,', and WO3+. Another type of interference in ICPMS is suppression of the formation of ions from trace constituents when a large amount of ... This is avoided by adding oxygen to the plasma, converting it from a reducing environment to an oxidizing one. Carbon dioxide is formed from the carbon. Other modifications include operating ....

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... EMISSION SPECTROSCOPIES 5.0 Introduction 27 9 5.1 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS 28 2 5 .2 Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy, UPS 300 5.3 Auger Electron Spectroscopy, AES 310 ... &-Ray) Spectroscopy Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy Electron Spectroscopy f...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 16:20