... containing the following keywords: COPD in conjunction with smoking, gene polymorphisms, vita-mins, FEV1, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A,b-carotene, and vitamin supplements. Further ... COPD [106]. Vitamin A and B Vitamin A (retinol and carotens) plays an important role in several functions of the human body including vision,bone and skin health, and fu rther has an innate antioxi-dant ... as innate and adaptive immunityhave been proposed as playing a key role in the development of COPD. The role of vitamins, as assessed either byfood frequency questionnaires or measured in serum...