Understanding Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics - Springer 2008 Episode 11 pps

... φ ss i )(x i − x ss i ) (11. 65) and, after differentiation with respect to time, d dt δ 2 S K =2  i (φ i − φ ss i ) dx i dt ≥ 0. (11. 66) 11. 5 Mesoscopic Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics 293 11. 5.1 Brownian ... 1993 Kratochvil J. and Silhavy M., On thermodynamics of non-equilibrium processes, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. 7 (1982) 339–354 Kreuzer H.J., Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamic...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 08:22

... and tools from equilibrium thermodynamics but transposed at a local scale because non-equilibrium states are usually in- homogeneous. The objective is to cope with non-equilibrium situations where basic ... time, and the system is in a non-equilibrium steady state. In equilibrium, all fluxes van- ish. It should be noticed that the above considerations apply only for so-called conserved...

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... of variational principles in non-equilibrium thermodynamics. 2.5.1 Minimum Entropy Production Principle Consider a non-equilibrium process, for instance heat conduction or thermod- iffusion taking place ... collisions and short-wavelength sys- tems and processes, like nano-structures, shock waves or light and neutron scattering. Another important point to notice is that, when referred to...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 08:22

... σ s suggests writing the following phenomenolog- ical relations between fluxes and forces: q  = −L qq ∇T T 2 − L q1 µ 11 Tc 2 ∇c 1 , (3.45) J 1 = −L 1q ∇T T 2 − L 11 µ 11 Tc 2 ∇c 1 , (3.46) with the Onsager’s ... a gradient of concen- tration as evidenced by (3.48) is the Dufour’s effect. It should be observed that the cross-coefficients D T and D F are much smaller than the direct co- effic...

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... system of non-linear ordinary differential equations for the amplitudes dA(t) dt = σA(t)+N(A, A), (6.9) where N(A, A) designates the non-linear contributions. Practically, the equa- tions are truncated ... layer. The two hori- zontal bounding planes are either rigid plates or stress-free surfaces, the lower surface is uniformly heated so that the fluid is subject to a vertical tempera- ture gra...

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... the Chapter 7 Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics Thermodynamics of Fluxes: Memory and Non-Local Effects With this chapter, we begin a panoramic overview of non-equilibrium ther- modynamic theories that ... displays some ex- amples like a quasi-crystalline standing-wave pattern produced by forcing a layer of silicone oil at two frequencies (a), a standing-wave pattern of granular material...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 08:22

... connection be- tween dynamics and thermodynamics should be underlined. EIT enlarges the range of applicability of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to a vast do- main of phenomena where memory, non-local, ... case of dumbbells, the description involves a seven-dimensional func- tion ψ(r , R,t)wherer is the position vector and R the end-to-end macro- molecular distance. But still more appro...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 08:22

... to be the first non-equilibrium formalism to get rid of the local equilibrium hypoth- esis and to go beyond the linear regime to which is restricted the classical theory of non-equilibrium processes. ... (concentration-diffusion force), ∇p (baro-diffusion force), ∇T (thermodiffusion force) and the relative velocity v p − v f (through D −1 J ) (kinematic-diffusion force). Concerning the concent...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 08:22

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 08:22

... before a presen- tation, consider adopting the positive attitude of a suc- cessful basketball or tennis player. Imagine yourself de- livering a successful presentation. Imagine yourself de- livering ... strong pre- sentation—a presentation that not only delivers the in- formation, but that truly engages the audience—three in- gredients have to be present. First, the speaker must un- derstand...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 08:21