SOIL ORGANIC MATTER IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE - CHAPTER 9 pot

... permission.) organic conventional low-input Depth (cm) 0-1 5 1 5-3 0 3 0-6 0 no winter cover crop 6 0 -9 0 9 0-1 20 winter cover crop 12 0-1 50 15 0-2 00 05020 30 NO 3 -N + NH 4 -N (mg kg –1 ) 4010 1 294 _C 09. fm Page ... J. 199 2. Modeling soil organic matter in organic- amended and nitrogen fertilized long-term plots. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56:476–488. Pia, J....

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... al., 199 4; Wander et al., 199 4; Gregorich et al., 199 6; Barrios et al., 199 6b; Alvarez et al., 199 8; Carter et al., 199 8; Curtin and Wen, 199 9; Fliessbach and Mader, 2000; Haynes, 2000 Combined ... fraction, including plant residues: Cambardella and Elliott, 199 2; Hassink, 199 5; Meijboom et al., 199 5; Barrios et al., 199 6a; Magid et al., 199 6; Baldock et al., 199 7; Magid e...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... Fungi to Soil Organic Matter in Agroecosystems 193 particles with organic polymers, and bridging organic matter and clay particles by polyvalent cations (Degens, 199 7; Piccolo and Mbagwu, 199 9; Chenu ... 199 6). Fungal growth is a function of carbon availability. Hyphal lengths often range from 3 to 300 m/g soil (Frey et al., 199 9; Miller et al., 199 5; Olsson et al., 199...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... effective in reducing soilborne disease incidence and severity than is single-season cover cropping (Abadie et al., 199 8; Davis et al., 199 4; Mazzola and Gu, 2002; Muehlchen et al., 199 0; Scarseth, 194 5; Tu ... deter (Fox, 196 5). 1 294 _C05.fm Page 162 Friday, April 23, 2004 2:21 PM © 2004 by CRC Press LLC 132 Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture Low-Rate Organic...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... resulting in little change in potential soil organic C storage with tillage. 1 294 _C08.fm Page 245 Friday, April 23, 2004 2:25 PM © 2004 by CRC Press LLC 230 Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture EFFECT ... on soil organic matter indicate that soil under long-term no tillage accumulates organic C to a greater extent than under inversion tillage (Kern an...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... in © 2004 by CRC Press LLC 296 Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture Soil Quality Soil quality is defined as the capacity of a soil to function within ecosystem boundaries to sustain ... Boerner, 198 8; Hetrick and Wilson, 198 9; Allen and Allen, 199 0) and Rhizobium (Turkington et al., 198 8; Turkington and Klein, 199 1; Chanway and Holl, 199 3). Evidence sugges...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... et al., 199 8; Hooda and Srivastava, 199 8; Velandia et al., 199 8; Dixon et al., 199 8; Ehteshamul et al., 199 8; Lima et al., 199 7; Panneerselvam and Saravanamuthu, 199 6; Ara et al., 199 6; Karthikeyan ... than in bulk soil (Edwards and Bohlen, 199 6; Ponomareva, 196 2; Zrazhevskii, 195 7; Went, 196 3; Shaw and Pawluk, 198 6; Tiwari et al., 198 9; Tiwari and Mishra, 199 3). Daniel an...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... CONCLUSION In drained organic soils, the moorsh-forming process is characterized by repeated shrinkage and swelling, as well as loss of organic substances in upper soil layers. Indicators of change in ... 1.6–2.8 MtIII 5 19 4.0–8.7 21 .92 170–3 69 0.8–1.7 MtIII with a dry, grain moorsh 468 1.8–3.3 26.00 99 –186 0.4–0.7 a OMC = Organic matter content; OM = Organic matter....

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... = 0 .99 9pH OD + 0.108 0 .98 1 1 M KCl 2.35–5. 39 2.36–5.61 pH AD = 0 .97 8pH OD + 0.026 0 .97 9 Moorsh Materials Water 4 .93 –7.25 4 .97 –7.10 pH FM = 1.022pH AD – 0.060 0 .97 5 Water 4 .93 –7.25 4 .92 –7.04 ... and the moorsh-forming process generates small parti- cles (Volarovich et al., 196 9; Meyerovsky and Hapkina, 197 6). Irreversible drying during the moorsh-forming process proba...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... and 3-methyl cholanthrene, induce P450 1A1/2 (Chapter 2). 9 8 7 6 5 Benzo(a)pyrene (BP) BP oxide (4,5) (K region) 4 MO MO Trans-diol G-SH conjugate Phenol 10 9 8 O 7 7,8-oxide BP 7,8-trans-diol ... 7,8-trans-diol BP 7,8-trans-diol 9, 10-oxide is form binds to DNA H H OH 8 7 9 10 O O H 10 EH MO O 4 5 9 8 HO OH 7 10 9 8 HO OH 7 10 O FIGURE 9. 2 Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene. ©...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20