ORGANIC POLLUTANTS: AN ECOTOXICOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE - CHAPTER 13 pps

... mammalian toxicity and have received relatively little attention as environmental pollutants. Paraquat and other bipyridyl herbicides have appreciable mammalian toxicity and will be discussed in Chapter ... (important for herbicides such as simazine, which have relatively high K ow values), metabolism (important for water-soluble and readily biodegradable herbicides such as 2,4-D and MCPA)...

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... cheaper and, because chemical analysis is not © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 242 Organic Pollutants: An Ecotoxicological Perspective, Second Edition the use of organotin compounds. Thus, ... & Francis Group, LLC 244 Organic Pollutants: An Ecotoxicological Perspective, Second Edition 13. 2 MEASURING THE TOXICITY OF MIXTURES As explained earlier, toxicity test...

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... to the ‘top-down’ approach – considering adverse changes at the levels of population, community and ecosystem, and relating them to the effects of both organic and inorganic pollutants. The present ... text gives a much more detailed and focused account of major groups of organic pollutants and adopts a ‘bottom-up’ approach. The fate and effects of organic pollutants are seen from the p...

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... ethers and esters, and other simple organic compounds. Tables 2.6 and 2.7 give examples of the modes of action of pollutants in animals and in plants/fungi respectively. It is noteworthy that many ... true hydrolases and other enzymes that can split ester bonds and yield the same products by different mechanisms. Thus, both monooxygenases and glutathione-S-transferases can break POC bonds o...

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... an ecotoxicological perspective / Colin H. Walker. 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 97 8-1 -4 20 0-6 25 8-8 (alk. paper) 1. Organic compounds Toxicology. 2. Organic ...                               FIGURE 1.3 Some toxins from animals and microorganisms. © 2009...

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... Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Factors Determining the Toxicity of Organic Pollutants to Animals and Plants 31 inhibited by, planar molecules (e.g., planar PAHs and coplanar PCBs). This can be explained ... Francis Group, LLC 52 Organic Pollutants: An Ecotoxicological Perspective, Second Edition of lipophilic compounds into water-soluble metabolites and conjugates, which are exc...

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... terrestrial and aquatic food chains, situations in which fate is determined by both biological and chemical processes. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 70 Organic Pollutants: An Ecotoxicological ... examples illustrate the dangers of hasty or supercial judgment in envi- ronmental risk assessment, and the importance of rigorous case-by-case analysis. Another factor that can...

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... 14.3 in Chapter 14), as, for instance, in the case of changes in the transmission of action potential © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 94 Organic Pollutants: An Ecotoxicological Perspective, ... (b) Dis- appearance of persistent organochlorine insecticides from soils (from Walker et al. 2000). © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 92 Organic Pollutants: An Eco...

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... herring, sand eel; (4) cod, whiting, shag, eider duck, herring gull; (5) cormorant, gannet, grey seal. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 132 Organic Pollutants: An Ecotoxicological Perspective, ... mouse, and not in birds (Korte and Arent 1965, Walker 1980, Chipman and Walker 1979). In general, © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 102 Organic Pollutants: An Ec...

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... & Francis Group, LLC 138 Organic Pollutants: An Ecotoxicological Perspective, Second Edition P450s of gene family 2 (CYP 2) are more catholic, and can metabolize both planar and nonplanar PCBs. Having ... log K ow 4,4b-DCB Coplanar 7.32 6.53 5.33 2b,3,4-TCB Coplanar 6.88 6.52 5.78 2,2b,5,5b-TCB Nonplanar 7.60 7.06 6.18 2,2b,4,5,5b-PCB Nonplanar 8.02 7.40 6.36 2,2b,3,3b,4,4b-HCB...

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