Niche Modeling: Predictions From Statistical Distributions - Chapter 9 pdf

... 146 Niche Modeling 1800 1850 190 0 195 0 2000 −1.0 0.0 0.5 1800 1850 190 0 195 0 2000 −1.0 0.0 0.5 1800 1850 190 0 195 0 2000 −1.0 0.0 0.5 1800 1850 190 0 195 0 2000 −1.0 0.0 0.5 1800 1850 190 0 195 0 ... reconstructions. names Reference 1 year year 2 CRU Climate Research Unit 3 J98 Jones et al. 199 8 Holocene 4 MBH 99 Mann et al. 199 9 Geophys Res Lett 5 MJ03 Mann and Jones 2003 6 CL00 Cr...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... 1.2085126 1.4 399 613 -0 .6782351 -0 .2068214 [2,] -0 .467 694 6 -0 .6252734 0.8457706 -0 .5456283 [3,] -0 .1882 097 1.0402726 -0 .28055 49 0.8075877 [4,] 0.42 395 60 0 .99 96605 -0 .5231428 -0 .20 890 11 Table1.2 ... daylight < ;- function(x) -cos(pi * x/6) > daylight(1:12) [1] -8 .660254e-01 -5 .000000e-01 -6 .123234e-17 5.000000e-01 [5] 8.660254...

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... isolated from each other. 4.3.5 Relationships There is a particular type of relationship between N and B. Every species with a non-empty range should produce a non-empty niche in the environmen- tal ... distribution. So the more general approach to niche modeling, an extension of the Hutchin- sonian niche, is the statistical idea of the probability distribution. Here the niche mode...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... 1 CRU30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 −0.2 ... 1 walk 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1...

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... 0 .91 9 Mob05 0 .91 10 iid 0.47 11 AR 0.66 12 walk 0 .99 13 sss 0 .93 14 precip 0.85 15 temp 0 .93 10.1.1 Hurst Exponent All natural series long term persistent, including temperature and precip- itation ... have a high H of 0 .94 and the random walk is close to one. TABLE 10.1: Estimates of Hurst exponent for all series. names H 1 CRU 0 .94 2 J98 0.87 3 MBH 99 0.87 4 MJ03 0 .92 5 CL...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... 0.0426 0 .99 50 1 .92 6 4.262 18283 0 0.0050 0. 190 0 0.0476 0 .99 80 2.057 4. 299 198 97 1 0.0030 0.1140 37/38 0.0243 0 .99 90 2.141 4.322 21006 0 0.0010 0.0380 0.0253 0 .99 95 2.213 4.343 22005 0 0.0005 0.0 190 ... 1 .90 00 0.02 89 0 .96 00 1.4 89 4.140 13788 0 0.0100 0.3800 0.03 89 0 .97 50 1.611 4.174 1 491 8 0 0.0150 0.5700 0.05 39 0 .98 00 1.663 4.188 15428 0 0.0050 0. 190 0 0.05 89...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Problems Chapter 9 Detection of Change in Distribution 9. 1 Introduction 9. 2 Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test 9. 2.1 Procedure 9. 2.2 Chi-Square Test for a Normal Distribution 9. 2.3 Chi-Square Test ... determining 9. 2.4 Chi-Square Test for Log-Pearson III Distribution 9. 3 Kolmogorov–Smirnov One-Sample Test 9. 3.1 Procedure 9. 4 The Wald–Wolfowitz Runs Test 9. 4.1 Large Sample...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... 0.5 29 0. 694 1.272 1.147 1.257 2.8 29 1.113 0.882 0 .95 5 0.752 1.325 0.880 1.777 0.627 0.231 1.462 3.305 0.766 3.042 0.024 0.514 0.484 0.445 1. 493 0.248 2.033 3.233 1.002 2.280 1.402 0.276 1.745 0 .94 5 ... one-tailed upper, one-tailed lower, and two-tailed hypotheses related to the hydrologic effects of afforestation. 3-1 2 Develop one-tailed upper, one-tailed lower, and two-tailed...

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... means, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America First Printing March 2010 ISBN-10: 0-1 3-7 0033 5-8 ISBN-13: 97 8-0 -1 3-7 0033 5-8 Pearson Education LTD. Pearson ... index. ISBN 97 8-0 -1 3-7 0033 5-8 (hbk. : alk. paper) 1. Investments. 2. Bonds. 3. Financial risk. 4. Retirement income—Planning. I. Title. HG4521.A657...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 18:21

... 1.0 1 0 .99 9 0.0126 0.035 −0.0 194 0 .99 89 2 0 .99 8 0.0243 0.068 −0.0385 0 .99 59 3 0 .99 5 0.0356 0.101 −0.0575 0 .99 19 4 0 .99 1 0.0465 0.134 −0.0765 0 .98 70 5 0 .98 6 0.0568 0.166 −0. 095 3 0 .98 10 6 0 .98 0 0.0666 ... Lake (October 198 8 to August 199 4). Y Record High 4,211.85 feet June 3–8, 198 6, and April 1–15, 198 7 Record Low 4, 191 .35 feet October-November 196 3 198 9...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22