Cephalometry A Color Atlas and Manual - part 8 pdf

... distance n-obi l Left lower naso-aural distance sn-obs r Right upper subnasale-aural distance sn-obs l Left upper subnasale-aural distance sn-obi r Right lower subnasale-aural distance sn-obi l Left ... subnasale-aural distance gn-obs r Right upper gnathion-aural distance gn-obs l Left upper gnathion-aural distance gn-obi r Right lower gnathion-aural distance gn-obi l Left lower gnathion-aura...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... ex- cluded and only angular and proportional measure- ments are employed. Spiral CT-based 3-D cephalometry using standard- ized CT scanning protocols (Chap. 1) has the great ad- vantage that all measurements ... generation of virtual cephalograms, easy and accurate location of the Sella and Nasion landmarks, subsequently automatic definition of a horizontal plane according to Proffi...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... landmarks whose accuracy and reliability has been statistically validated are described in detail; additional landmarks are mentioned. To en- sure uniformity, internationally accepted landmarks are ... availability of 2-D lateral and frontal cephalograms is beneficial to indicate landmarks accurately and repeatably in the 3-D scene. Therefore, the geometrical relationship between cephal...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... (patient K.C.) CHAPTER 2 28 Basic Craniofacial Anatomical Outlines Skull – Paramedian Sagittal View Fig. 2 .8. a Paramedian view of the skull with the mandible and calvaria removed (adult cadaver ... canal;5 Anterior cranial fossa;6 Sphenoid bone; 7 Sphenosquamosal suture ;8 Temporal bone CHAPTER 2 38 Basic Craniofacial Anatomical Outlines Axial CT – Slice 1 Fig. 2.21. Axial CT slice...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... anteri- or cranial base (S-N) plane is automatically computed. Virtual Definition of the Anterior Cranial Base (S-N) Plane The anterior cranial base (S-N) plane is a plane that passes the Nasion and ... Sella landmarks and is perpen- dicular to the virtual lateral cephalogram (Fig. 3.27). Fig. 3.27. Anterior cranial base (S-N) plane.Virtual lateral cephalogram linked to the 3-D hard ti...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... K.C.) CHAPTER 4 174 3-D Cephalometric Hard Tissue Landmarks 4.2 Set-up of 3-D Cephalometric Hard Tissue Landmarks Fig. 4.135 a d. Set-up of 3-D cephalometric hard tissue landmarks.(3-D CT, patient ... to amalgam artefacts, definition of Zygion r and Zygion l land- marks is not possible on the exocranial skull base view (3-D CT,patient A. G.) CHAPTER 4 152 3-D Cephalometric Hard Tissue Lan...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... facial soft tissue units (forehead, nasal, periorbital, midface and mandible) are described in detail. Additionally, ear- and head- related landmarks are listed at the end of the chapter because ... set-up of a 3-D cephalometric reference system (Chap. 3) and the automatic genera- tion of measurements (Chap. 7). The important dis- advantages of spiral-CT based 3-D cephalometry are t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... ap- proach presents several advantages. It allows automat- ic generation of a huge amount of real-size cephalo- metric data that are immediately available for clinical decision making or statistical ... Sella, Nasion and Menton landmarks define the facial midplane (linked virtual lateral and frontal cephalograms, patient K.C.) Figs. 6.30, 6.31. Sella, Nasion and Menton landmarks defin...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... mandibular vertical ra- mus and gonial angle by unilateral DO was planned virtually and performed via an intra-oral approach. The 3-D virtual scene approach allowed definition of the ideal position and ... B.R.) a bc CHAPTER 8 304 3-D Cephalometry and Craniofacial Growth Fig. 8. 16 a d. Superimposition of the mandibles of the cadaver skulls of a newborn ,a 6-year-old child...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... shape changes during late fetal growth (13 7-1 57 gestational days) in the pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) craniofacial complex: an application using three-dimensional coor- dinate data and ... milling and stereolithography for 3D model manufacturing. Pediatr Radiol. 1992; 22:45 8- 4 60 Kobayashi T, Ueda K, Honma K, Sasakura H, Hanada K, Nakajima T. Three-dimensional analysis of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22