Cephalometry A Color Atlas and Manual - part 6 docx

... facial soft tissue units (forehead, nasal, periorbital, midface and mandible) are described in detail. Additionally, ear- and head- related landmarks are listed at the end of the chapter because ... set-up of a 3-D cephalometric reference system (Chap. 3) and the automatic genera- tion of measurements (Chap. 7). The important dis- advantages of spiral-CT based 3-D cephalometry are t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... (patient K.C.) CHAPTER 2 28 Basic Craniofacial Anatomical Outlines Skull – Paramedian Sagittal View Fig. 2.8. a Paramedian view of the skull with the mandible and calvaria removed (adult cadaver ... permanent teeth ab Fig. 2.15. a The skull of a 6- year-old child: right lateral view (cadaver skull).b The skull of a 6- year-old child: right lateral view (3-D CT,cadaver skull) ab CH...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... K.C.) CHAPTER 4 174 3-D Cephalometric Hard Tissue Landmarks 4.2 Set-up of 3-D Cephalometric Hard Tissue Landmarks Fig. 4.135 a d. Set-up of 3-D cephalometric hard tissue landmarks.(3-D CT, patient ... to amalgam artefacts, definition of Zygion r and Zygion l land- marks is not possible on the exocranial skull base view (3-D CT,patient A. G.) CHAPTER 4 152 3-D Cephalometric Hard Tissue Lan...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... mandibular vertical ra- mus and gonial angle by unilateral DO was planned virtually and performed via an intra-oral approach. The 3-D virtual scene approach allowed definition of the ideal position and ... midfacial complex and cranium of a newborn, a 6- year-old child and an adult cadaver skull illustrates relocation of the zygomatic arch and lateral development of the midfac...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... 2-D cephalometry, virtual 2-D cephalograms are generated and co-visualized with the 3-D data, taking into ac- count the geometrical relationships. In this way ,a com- bined 2-D and 3-D approach ... landmarks whose accuracy and reliability has been statistically validated are described in detail; additional landmarks are mentioned. To en- sure uniformity, internationally accepted landm...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... ex- cluded and only angular and proportional measure- ments are employed. Spiral CT-based 3-D cephalometry using standard- ized CT scanning protocols (Chap. 1) has the great ad- vantage that all measurements ... generation of virtual cephalograms, easy and accurate location of the Sella and Nasion landmarks, subsequently automatic definition of a horizontal plane according to Proffi...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... anteri- or cranial base (S-N) plane is automatically computed. Virtual Definition of the Anterior Cranial Base (S-N) Plane The anterior cranial base (S-N) plane is a plane that passes the Nasion and ... Sella landmarks and is perpen- dicular to the virtual lateral cephalogram (Fig. 3.27). Fig. 3.27. Anterior cranial base (S-N) plane.Virtual lateral cephalogram linked to the 3-D hard ti...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... 6 237 6. 1 3-D Cephalometric Planes Figs. 6. 25, 6. 26. Mandibular plane [linked virtual lateral cephalogram to 3-D hard (6. 25) and soft (6. 26) tissue representations,patient K.C.] Fig. 6. 27. Mandibular ... Sella, Nasion and Menton landmarks define the facial midplane (linked virtual lateral and frontal cephalograms, patient K.C.) Figs. 6. 30, 6. 31. Sella, Nasion and Mento...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... upper naso-aural distance n-obi r Right lower naso-aural distance n-obi l Left lower naso-aural distance sn-obs r Right upper subnasale-aural distance sn-obs l Left upper subnasale-aural distance sn-obi r Right ... distance sn-obi r Right lower subnasale-aural distance sn-obi l Left lower subnasale-aural distance gn-obs r Right upper gnathion-aural distance gn-obs l Left upper gnathion-aural...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22

... bone and its suitability as a reference for analyzing cran- iofacial asymmetry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 124 :65 6- 6 62 Kitaura H, Yonetsu K, Kitamori H, Kobayashi K, Nakamura T. Stan- dardization ... 20 Assessment – qualitative 229 – quantitative 229 Atlanto-occipital articulation 61 , 63 , 67 , 69 Atlas – anterior arch 65 , 67 – lateral mass 61 , 69 – modifie...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 22:22