báo cáo khoa học: " Thwarting science by protecting the received wisdom on tobacco addiction from the scientific method" doc

... fic- tion in the literature on tobacco addiction. The origins of the received wisdom The pioneers of tobacco research in the 1960’sand70’s could not know how tobacco addiction developed because the ... represented the conventional wisdom concerning the onset of nicotine addiction for 4 decades. The major tenets of the threshold theory are presented as hy...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20

... are tagged. Therefore we collected not one but several Wikipedia dumps 3 from the years 2006 to 2008. We extracted only those articles that con- tained the string {{weasel. Out of these articles, we ... word within these 5-grams receives an in- dividual score, based a) on the relative frequency of this word in weasel contexts and the corpus in general and b) on the average dis...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... out by incubating the enzyme with a large excess of reagent. The reaction conditions for the modification of Asp, Glu, Cys and Ser are shown in Table 5. No significant inactivation of BHs from either ... of water on the thiocarbonyl carbon of the enzyme complex forms a second tetrahe- dral intermediate, which then releases the products carbonyl sulphide and methanethiol, and r...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... in 0.01% DDM, and then reconstituted into proteoliposomes by the octylgluco- side dilution method [21]. To construct the complete reconstitution system of the LolCDE complex from isolated subunits, ... 3039 Construction of plasmids To construct pKM501 carrying lolD and lolE under the control of tacPO and lacIq, the corresponding region of pJY310 [7] was amplified by PCR using a...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 00:20

... The reaction was initiated by addition of the enzyme to the sub- strate solution, and the oxidation rate (nmolÆL )1 Æs )1 ) was calculated from the linear part of the oxygen consumption curve. The ... activity on 15 mml-dopa in the presence of the inhibitors. The concentration of the inhibitor was 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 mm, depending on the in- hibition efficiency. A...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... Hdr [47]. The reduced thiols thus generated then function as the electron donor for the reduction of the methyl group to methane in a nonenergy- conserving reaction [1]. On the basis of the above, ... fraction. A further purification of the proteins in this heme-containing fraction by gel fi ltration on Superdex 200 resulted again in only one heme-containing fraction eluted...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

... rule out a concentration effect in the data. The final experiments were performed at 0.24 mgÆmL )1 . The distance distribution function P(r) was calculated by the Fourier inversion of the scattering ... higher contribution at longer distances, probably due to some degree of aggregation induced by the lack of the cofac- tor. A low-resolution model, obtained by averaging 16 c...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 06:20

... deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Evolution. Isolation and cultivation of mycobionts Mycobionts from Collema cristatum were obtained from the spores discharged from the apothecia of a thallus, ... in response to UV-B radiation and thus may be able to adapt to daily fluctuations in solar radiation impinging on their natural environment. Action spectra for the indu...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... origin- ated from the fragment 179–190 linked to the intact peptide 158–167. This is further demonstrated by the singly charged ion y 5 (m ⁄ z 559.27) produced from the fragment 163–167 and by the complementary ... acid sequence. Fragment ions belonging to series b (con- taining the N-terminal region of the peptide) and y (containing the C-terminal region) were origina...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 09:21

... of the substrate. On the opposite side to W4 [re-face side of the carbonyl carbon (C2)], there is no base to transfer a proton between C1 and C2, but a space along the C1–C2 bond surrounded by ... hydroxyl group at the 6-position. The substituted Lys329 forms hydro- gen bonds with O5, Asp327 and W4. The hydrogen bond between Lys329 and the substrate may freeze the confor...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20