Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 9 potx

... Standard developmental toxicity bioassays in rodents include a detailed examination of the near-term fetal skeleton in single-stained (alizarin red for ossified bone) or double-stained (alizarin red ... neural crest were assessed at 9. 5–13.5 dpc by using molecular markers. A retinoic acid-responsive transcription factor, Ap-2, (42) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein-1 Fig. 5...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... hypertrophic chondrocytes (9) . Finally, BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7 are expressed in the precartilaginous mesenchyme (28) and were shown to enhance chondro- genesis in vitro ( 29) and in vivo in chick limb buds ... M., and Tickle, C. ( 199 4) Bone morphogenetic proteins and a signal- ling pathway that controls patterning in the developing chick limb. Development 120, 2 09 2...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... L. ( 199 8) Cell adhesion and the integrin-linked kinase regulate the LEF-1 and `- catenin signaling pathways. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 , 4374–43 79. 103. Waltzer, L. and Bienz, M. ( 199 8) CBP ... 873–881. 45. Inuzuka, H., Redies, C., and Takeichi, M. ( 199 1) Differential expression of R- and N-cadherin in neural and mesoder- mal tissues during early chicken develop...

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... prolyl 4-hydroxylase, prolyl 3-hydroxylase, and lysyl hydrox- ylase, catalyze the formation of 4-hydroxyproline, 3-hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine residues in -X-Pro-Gly, -Pro-4Hyp-Gly-, and -X-Lys-Gly- ... chains, called _ chains, and contain at least one unique triple-helical domain with repeating -Gly-X-Y- sequences in each of the constituent chains. The presence of glycine,...

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... pseudoreceptor by intercalating in the TGF-` complex and disrupting receptor signaling, thus func- tioning as a naturally occurring dominant mutant of BMP signaling. Tkv In the developing wing disk of ... with Xwnt-8, showing a direct interaction between Frzb and Wnts (84), and Frzb blocks the axis-inducing activity of Xwnt-8 and mouse Wnt-1 when coinjected on the ven- tral side o...

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... cytochrome c into the cytosol. Subsequently, BMP-2 increased caspase -9 and caspase-3, -6 , and -7 activity. Inhibition of caspase -9 activity suppressed BMP-2-induced apoptosis. However, over- expression ... to identify BMP-induced genes. Osx is a novel zinc finger-containing transcrip- tion factor that is specifically expressed in developing bones. Osx contains a proline- and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... inhibitory Smad pro- teins, Smad-6 and Smad-7 ( 29) . Experiments in our laboratories indicate the influence of downstream antagonists of TGF-` signaling, Smad-6 and -7 , at least in heterotopic sites, ... osteogenesis in preclinical and clinical contexts (1,11–16). Naturally-derived BMPs/OPs and recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (hOP-1), also known as BMP-7, induce oste...

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... changes in bone modeling and remodeling in response to loading and unloading are initiated by an internal mechanostat that is able to sense strain. In this view, changes in bone remodeling occur in response ... 13365–13371. 80. Klein-Nulend, J., Burger, E. H., Semeins, C. M., Raisz, L. G., and Pilbeam, C. C. ( 199 7) Pulsating fluid flow stimu- lates prostaglandin release and...

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... Baylink, D. J. and Linkhart, T. A. ( 199 3) 1,2 5- Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases secretion of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) by human osteo- blast-like cells in vitro and ... factors in fracture healing. Clin. Orthop. 355(Suppl.), S301–S313. 164. Rosen, C. J. ( 199 9) Serum insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins: clinic...

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... effects, 206 cytokine and growth factor regulation, interferon-a, 203, 204 interleukin-1, 202 interleukin-4, 202 interleukin-6, 202, 203 interleukin-11, 203 macrophage colony-stimulating factor, 200, ... entirely Index 417 proliferation, 92 , 93 fracture healing, 90 , 91 Hueter–Volkmann law, 89 matrilin-1, 93 , 94 mediators, bone morphogenetic proteins, 95 Indian hedgehog, 94 ,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20