Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 4 ppt
Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 4 ppt
... form of Hh lackingthe cholesterol modification, which retains full signaling activity both in vitro and in vivo (41 ,44 ) and binds to Ptc with similar affinity as does Hh-Np (45 ). In Drosophila, ... with Xwnt-8, showing a direct interaction between Frzb and Wnts ( 84) , and Frzb blocks the axis-inducing activity of Xwnt-8 and mouse Wnt-1 when coinjected on the ven-tral side of cleaving embryos, ... BMP -4 , for example, forms heterodimers with Xenopus derriere or nodal-related pro-teins (26) and BMP-7 forms heterodimers with nodal ( 34) . BMP -4 and -7 bind to a distinct class ofreceptors and...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 1 docx
... TCF-responsive promoters (103). LEF-1 and TCF-1 havebeen identified in developing mouse limb bud mesenchymal cells and in tail prevertebrae (1 04) and are induced by BMP -4 during murine tooth and ... significant inhibition of cellular condensation and chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo using a function-blocking monoclonal antibody, NCD-2, directed against N-cadherin (42 ).These findings correlate ... W. J., and Papkoff, J. (19 94) Wnt-1 modulates cell-cell adhesion in mammalian cells by stabiliz-ing beta-catenin binding to the cell adhesion protein cadherin. J. Cell. Biol. 1 24, 729– 741 .108....
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 2 potx
... Rosier, R., and O’Keefe, R. (2000) Smad2 and 3 mediate transform-ing growth factor-beta1-induced inhibition of chondrocyte maturation. Endocrinology 141 , 47 28 47 35.52. Xing, J., Ginty, D., and Greenberg, ... response element binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA95, 44 81 44 86. 45 . Ahn, S., Olive, M., Aggarwal, S., Krylov, D., Ginty, D. D., and Vinson, C. (1998) A dominant-negative inhibitor ofCREB ... chondrocytes (9). Finally, BMP-2, BMP -4 , and BMP-7 are expressed in the precartilaginous mesenchyme (28) and were shown to enhance chondro-genesis in vitro (29) and in vivo in chick limb buds...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 3 pdf
... prolyl 4- hydroxylase, prolyl 3-hydroxylase, and lysyl hydrox-ylase, catalyze the formation of 4- hydroxyproline, 3-hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine residues in -X-Pro-Gly, -Pro-4Hyp-Gly-, and -X-Lys-Gly- ... chains, called _ chains, and contain at least one unique triple-helical domain withrepeating -Gly-X-Y- sequences in each of the constituent chains. The presence of glycine, the small-est amino ... eviscerated animals were fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde, 0.2% glutalaldehyde in phos-phate buffer (pH 7.3) for 45 min, and stained overnight with X-Gal (5-bromo -4 - chloro-3indoyl `-D-galactosidase). Specimens...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 5 docx
... Triiodothyronine (T3) stimu-lates insulin-like growth factor (IGF )-1 and IGF binding protein (IGFBP )-2 production by rat osteoblasts in vitro. ActaEndocrinol. (Copenh.) 126, 46 7 47 3. 44 . Pfeilschifter, ... to identify BMP-induced genes. Osx is a novel zinc finger-containing transcrip-tion factor that is specifically expressed in developing bones. Osx contains a proline- and serine-richtranscription ... cytochrome c into the cytosol. Subsequently, BMP-2 increased caspase-9 and caspase-3, -6 , and -7 activity. Inhibition of caspase-9 activity suppressed BMP-2-induced apoptosis. However, over-expression...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 6 docx
... 137, 3 544 –3 549 .102. Kurihara, N. and Roodman, G. D. (1990) Interferons-_ and -a inhibit interleukin-1`-stimulated osteoclast-like cellformation in long-term human marrow cultures. J. Interferon ... osteoclastogenesis and RANK expression byTGE-beta1. J. Cell Biochem. 4, 1 041 –1 049 .100. Gowen, M. and Mundy, G. R. (1986) Actions of recombinant interleukin-1, interleukin-2, and interferon gamma ... osteogenesis in preclinical and clinical contexts (1,11–16). Naturally-derivedBMPs/OPs and recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (hOP-1), also known as BMP-7, induce osteo-genesis in nonhuman and human...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 7 docx
... junction-mediated intercellular communication between osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells in response to mechanicalstrain. Endocrinology 142 , 346 4– 347 3.Microgravity and Bone Cells 267because loading induces ... changes in bone modeling and remodeling in response to loading and unloading are initiated byan internal mechanostat that is able to sense strain. In this view, changes in bone remodeling occur in response ... P. J. (19 94) Insulin-like growth factor-I increasestrabecular bone formation and osteoblastic cell proliferation in unloaded rats. Endocrinology 1 34, 1031–1038. 40 . Westerlind, K. C. and Turner,...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 8 pps
... Baylink, D. J. and Linkhart, T. A. (1993) 1,2 5- Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases secretion of insulin-like growth factor binding protein -4 (IGFBP -4 ) by human osteo-blast-like cells in vitro and ... the pro-duction of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins-2, -3 and -4 in human bone marrow stromal cells. Eur. J. Endo-crinol. 144 , 549 –557.175. Schmid, C., Schlapfer, I., Gosteli-Peter, ... of insulinlike growth factors in fracture healing. Clin. Orthop. 355(Suppl.), S301–S313.1 64. Rosen, C. J. (1999) Serum insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins:...
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 9 potx
... dpc by using molecular markers. Aretinoic acid-responsive transcription factor, Ap-2, (42 ) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein-1Fig. 5. Analysis of the endogenous levels of retinoic acid ... Standard developmental toxicity bioassays in rodents include a detailed examination of thenear-term fetal skeleton in single-stained (alizarin red for ossified bone) or double-stained (alizarinred ... oxide teratogenicity in Sprague-Dawleyrats. Teratology 40 , 43 9 44 4.21. Inouye, M. and Kajiwara, Y. (1988) Teratogenic interactions between methylmercury and mitomycin C in mice. Arch.Toxicol....
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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 10 doc
... factorregulation,interferon-a, 203, 2 04 interleukin-1, 202interleukin -4 , 202interleukin-6, 202, 203interleukin-11, 203macrophage colony-stimulatingfactor, 200, 201osteoprotegerin, 201RANKL, 200transforming ... 229negative regulation effectors ofcartilage growth,FGF-2, 242 overview, 240 , 241 retinoic acid, 242 , 244 , 246 transforming growthfactor-`1, 244 , 246 organ culture studies of cartilagegrowth regulation,cellular ... malformations and variations have been published periodi-cally to aid in the interpretation of findings in a particular study and to illustrate the background inci-dence of effects of interest in rats...
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