... the basis of engineering 1
1.1 Real engineering 1
1.2 Units 3
1 .3 Units used in this book 5
2 Thermodynamics 7
2.1 Heat energy 7
2.2 Perfect gases, gas laws, gas processes 13
2 .3 Work done and ... combustion engines 33
2.5 The steady flow energy equation 54
2.6 Steam 66
2.7 Refrigeration 89
2.8 Heat transfer 101
3 Fluid mechanics 112
3. 1 Hydrostatics – fluids at rest 1 13
3....
... × 10
6
× d =(F
2
× 9.57 /3) – (F
1
× 4 /3)
= (2 4 23 800 × 9.57 /3) – (4 23 800 × 4 /3)
which finally gives
d = 3. 59 m
Properties of some common fluids
Fluid Density
kg/m
3
Relative
density
RD
Dynamic ... to its surroundings.
Figure 3. 1 .30 Swimming pool
with window
Figure 3. 1 .31 Sluice gate
Figure 3. 1 .32 A dolphin pool
with a viewing tunnel
Dye
D
V
Fluid mechanics 137
Sinc...
... deceleration
0 = 16 – 2 × 2.4 s
3
s
3
= 3. 33 m
The distance involved in stopping and starting is
s
1
+ s
3
= 7.77 m
and so
s
2
= 35 0 – 7.77
= 34 2.22 m
Dynamics 1 83
( 13) A piece of masonry is dislodged ... 16 33 7 radians. This takes place in 1
minute, or 60 seconds and so the initial angular velocity of
2600 rev/min becomes 272 .3 rad/s.
Hence
0 = 272 .3 – ␣10
␣ = 27. 23 r...
... × 30 × 15 – 20 × 10 × 25
30 × 30 – 20 × 10
= 12.1 cm
Taking moments about the x-axis gives:
¯
y =
30 × 30 × 15 – 20 × 10 × 25
30 × 30 – 20 × 10
= 12.1 cm
Example 5.1. 13
Determine the position ... MPa and that on the
steel is 93. 8 MPa.
Example 5 .3. 6
A rod is formed with one part of it having a diameter of 60 mm
and the other part a diameter of 30 mm (Figure 5 .3. 9) and is
sub...