Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 19 pot

... l-isomers, producing d-isomers No 3 Active on d- and l-isomers, producing l- and d- isomers No (inversion of configuration) 4 Active on d- and l-isomers, producing l- and d-isomers (re- Yes tention ... products with the opposite optical configuration (fraction II). The two dehalogenases showed other differences in their responses to SH-blocking agents and their efficiency in de...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Inc. Althoughthisstudyinvolvedtheuseofageneticallymodifiedmicrobe,themodi - cationswerenotintendedtohaveafunctionalimpact;theywereinsertedasgeneticmark- ers.Asecondstudycomparingtheeffectofthesamegeneticallymarkedstraintothatof afunctionallymodifiedstrainshowedeffectsthataremoreinteresting(36).Theaimof thisworkwastodeterminetheimpactintherhizosphereofwildtypealongwithfunction- allyandnonfunc...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... clear understanding of carbon- and nitrogen-based processes were attainable. Carbon and nitrogen cycling not only are essential processes for the maintaining, transfor- mation, and flux of essential ... of urease and invertase in the early 199 0s. Gianfreda and coworkers (50) examined the inter- action of invertase (β-fructosidase) with montmorillonite, aluminum hydroxide,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... each site and placed in litter bags. In using the ap- proach of Sinsabaugh et al. (73) and Jackson et al. (29), confined and in situ POM samples were assayed monthly for β-glucosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, ... Inc. wererepressedbyaddedN;formapleandoak,theseactivitiesincreased.Theresults suggestedthatwhiterotfungi,whichproduceligninasesinresponsetolowNavailability, weredispl...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... phenoloxidase enzymes. The deamination of amino acids, such as serine, phenylalanine, proline, methionine, and cysteine by birnessite, and the role of pyrogallol in influencing their mineralization have ... effective for both L- and D- glutamic acid. The PLP-Cu 2ϩ -smectite has acted as a ‘‘pseudoenzyme’’ wherein the PLP was active and independent of the protein matrix of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Inc. lakewater.Figures2Band2CshowthatectoenzymesynthesisinDOM-enrichedsamples wasnolongerrepressedwhentheconcentrationofthereadilyutilizablelowmolecular- weightmoleculesfellbelowacriticallevel,andpolymericsubstrateshadtobeusedto supportthegrowthandmetabolismofbacteria.Similarinsituobservationsduringphyto- planktonbloomdevelopmentandbreakdownwerereportedforβ-glucosidaseactivityin eutrophicLake...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Inc. Investigationsofextracellularenzymesfrommarineanimalsandenzymesisolatedfrom prokaryotesareconsideredonlyifaclearconnectiontomarineecologyisestablished. Thetermextracellularenzymesisusedthroughoutthischapter,whereasChro ´ st(5)distin- guishesbetweenectoenzymesandextracellularenzymes.Ectoenzymesaredefinedby Chro ´ st(5)andinChapter2asenzymeslocatedintheperiplasmicspaceorattachedto theouterm...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... short-chain poly-P was higher in the internal hyphae (67). Long-chain poly-P seems to be more efficient in transporting Pi from the extraradical to the intraradical part of the fungi. Activity of enzymes ... Inc. directlycontributetoreductionofpathogenviabilityandgrowth.Inaddition,theyhave beenproposedasmediatorsinpathwaysleadingtodefense-relatedgeneexpression(136). ThereleaseofA...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... strains and the extrac- tion of enzymes, provide complementary information on enzyme production by emphasi- zing the potential of the living hyphae and the sum of past and present activities re- spectively. ... the years; these include vanilin, indulin, ferrulic acid, and, most importantly, 14 C-labeled synthetic lignins. Various fungal enzymes are involved in lignin deg...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Inc. possibletofindseveralexplanationstointerpretaproteinadsorptionisotherm,withno experimentalevidenceavailabletochooseamongthem.TheadvantageoftheNMR methodisthatitsimultaneouslygivesthequantityofadsorbedprotein,thesurfacecover- ageofthesolidbytheprotein,andthemonolayerormultilayermodeofadsorption(16). Onlyknowledgeofthesethreefactorsallowsapossibleunfoldingoftheproteinsonthe claysurfacestobe...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20