Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 13 doc

... Inc. mouswiththermaloptimarelevanttoanorganismdependent(52)onafluxofdissolved compoundsfromenzymesalreadyreleasedandfunctioningoverlongerperiodsinthe environment.Forexample,notetheshiftinthermalactivityoptimaforcold-adaptedprote- asesfrom13°Cto10°Cto8°Casafunctionofincreasingholdingtime(Fig.3).Wealso suggestthatthefurtherexploratorystudyofmicrobialenzymesproducedinenvironments characterizedbys...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... the years; these include vanilin, indulin, ferrulic acid, and, most importantly, 14 C-labeled synthetic lignins. Various fungal enzymes are involved in lignin degradation, including lignin peroxidase, ... strains and the extrac- tion of enzymes, provide complementary information on enzyme production by emphasi- zing the potential of the living hyphae and the sum of past a...

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... alter the physical state or the location of the contaminants. In contrast, biodegradation is the primary process involved in the transformation and mineralization of xenobiotic compounds and, in the latter ... for the survival of a phenoxyacetic acid degrading inoculant, and Daane and Ha ¨ ggblom (131 ) showed that the encapsulation of the degrading strains in...

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... Inc. ensurestheremovalofHgfromtheenvironmentthroughatmosphericdissipation.Current studiesarenowfocusingonbiologicalreductionandmethylationreactionsasaremedial approachtoimmobilizeHg. A.ReductionofMercury(II) NumerousmicroorganismsavoidHgtoxicitybyreducingionicHg(Hg 2ϩ )tovolatileHg 0 , apotentiallyusefulapplicationtoremoveHgfromHg-contaminatedwater.Thereduction ofHg 2ϩ toHg 0 canbemediatedbya...

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... systems involving phenoloxidase enzymes. The deamination of amino acids, such as serine, phenylalanine, proline, methionine, and cysteine by birnessite, and the role of pyrogallol in influencing their ... effective for both L- and D- glutamic acid. The PLP-Cu 2ϩ -smectite has acted as a ‘‘pseudoenzyme’’ wherein the PLP was active and independent of the protein matrix of t...

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... Inc. Currently,itisevidentthatmicroorganismsformcomplexmicrobialfoodwebsin allaquaticecosystems,andthattheiractivitiesandmetabolismsoftenaretightlycoupled and/ ormutuallyaffected (132 ,143,144).Therefore,itisnotsurprisingthatenzymatic propertiesandactivitiesofdifferentcomponentscreatingthemicrobialfoodwebsinlake ecosystemshavedemonstratedcloserelationships.Severalreportshavedocumentedthe str...

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... for chitin-hydrolyzing activity by using MUF-β-d-N, N′-diacetylchitobioside, and chitobiase activity was then assayed in protein extracts prepared from the positive clones. The chi- tinases of marine bacteria ... Inc. Investigationsofextracellularenzymesfrommarineanimalsandenzymesisolatedfrom prokaryotesareconsideredonlyifaclearconnectiontomarineecologyisestablished. Thetermextracellu...

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... Inc. Althoughthisstudyinvolvedtheuseofageneticallymodifiedmicrobe,themodi - cationswerenotintendedtohaveafunctionalimpact;theywereinsertedasgeneticmark- ers.Asecondstudycomparingtheeffectofthesamegeneticallymarkedstraintothatof afunctionallymodifiedstrainshowedeffectsthataremoreinteresting(36).Theaimof thisworkwastodeterminetheimpactintherhizosphereofwildtypealongwithfunction- allyandnonfunc...

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... short-chain poly-P was higher in the internal hyphae (67). Long-chain poly-P seems to be more efficient in transporting Pi from the extraradical to the intraradical part of the fungi. Activity of enzymes ... Inc. directlycontributetoreductionofpathogenviabilityandgrowth.Inaddition,theyhave beenproposedasmediatorsinpathwaysleadingtodefense-relatedgeneexpression (136 ). Thereleaseo...

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... soil enzymes, laccase and tyrosinase. The potential role of these enzymes in the humification of anilinic and phenolic compounds and reduction of their bioavilability with the passage of time (aging) ... Inc. (nitrificationanddenitrificationeffects)aswellasbyprotectionandcreationofwetlands (4,7,39,57,85,122). Itisagainstthisbackdropofthemajorenvironmentalrelevanceoftheenzymesof...

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