Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 5 ppt

... short-chain poly-P was higher in the internal hyphae (67). Long-chain poly-P seems to be more efficient in transporting Pi from the extraradical to the intraradical part of the fungi. Activity of enzymes ... Inc. 4)-glucans (53 ).Xyloglucansare -1 ,4-glucanswithsidechainsthatcanhydrogenbond tocellulosemicrofibrils,cross-linkingthemandrestrainingcellexpansion.Inadditionto astruct...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Inc. lakewater.Figures2Band2CshowthatectoenzymesynthesisinDOM-enrichedsamples wasnolongerrepressedwhentheconcentrationofthereadilyutilizablelowmolecular- weightmoleculesfellbelowacriticallevel,andpolymericsubstrateshadtobeusedto supportthegrowthandmetabolismofbacteria.Similarinsituobservationsduringphyto- planktonbloomdevelopmentandbreakdownwerereportedforβ-glucosidaseactivityin eutrophicLake...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... indicating that the ester probably interfered with nutrient cycling’’ (103). In the former study, urease and acid- and alkaline-phosphatase activities were tem- porarily reduced, whereas in the ... c 1 and c 2 , ED 50 (1) , and ED 50 (2) represent uninhibited rates and ED 50 values for the full- and partial-inhibition models, respectively; c 2 a/b, minimum (asympto...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... aspartase-Ca-montmoril- lonite systems ( 159 ). Deamination of l- and d-glutamic and aspartic amino acids and of their DL racemic mixtures in the presence of Na-montmorillonite showed a stereoselectiv- ity ... phenylalanine, proline, methionine, and cysteine by birnessite, and the role of pyrogallol in influencing their mineralization have been investigated ( 152 , 153 ). Nit...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Inc. inthefreeform,andconsequentlyavailableforrapiduptake,remainsunknown.This adsorptionandtheconcurrentloweravailabilityforbacterialuptakemightcauseanunder- estimationoftheactualbacterialproductiononandinpolysaccharide-richmaterialsuch asmarinesnow(44),relativetobacterialenzymeactivity. ThecouplingbetweenhydrolysisanduptakeofDOMinparticle-associatedandfree bacteriaisstillnotfullyunderstood.T...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Inc. Althoughthisstudyinvolvedtheuseofageneticallymodifiedmicrobe,themodi - cationswerenotintendedtohaveafunctionalimpact;theywereinsertedasgeneticmark- ers.Asecondstudycomparingtheeffectofthesamegeneticallymarkedstraintothatof afunctionallymodifiedstrainshowedeffectsthataremoreinteresting(36).Theaimof thisworkwastodeterminetheimpactintherhizosphereofwildtypealongwithfunction- allyandnonfunc...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... transforma- tions include the effect of bonding of β-d-glucosidase to a phenolic copolymer of l-tyro- sine, pyrogallol, or resorcinol (108) and of linking of urease to tannic acid (49 ,52 ). Sarkar and ... of urease and invertase in the early 1990s. Gianfreda and coworkers (50 ) examined the inter- action of invertase (β-fructosidase) with montmorillonite, aluminum hydroxide,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Inc. wererepressedbyaddedN;formapleandoak,theseactivitiesincreased.Theresults suggestedthatwhiterotfungi,whichproduceligninasesinresponsetolowNavailability, weredisplacedbysupplementalN,slowingthedecompositionofrecalcitrantlitter. HenriksenandBreland(27)alsofocusedontheroleofNinthedecomposition process.Usingamicrocosmsystemofwheatstrawandsoil,theyfoundthatcarbonminer- alization,fungalbiomass,...

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... the years; these include vanilin, indulin, ferrulic acid, and, most importantly, 14 C-labeled synthetic lignins. Various fungal enzymes are involved in lignin degradation, including lignin peroxidase, ... strains and the extrac- tion of enzymes, provide complementary information on enzyme production by emphasi- zing the potential of the living hyphae and the sum of past a...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Inc. possibletofindseveralexplanationstointerpretaproteinadsorptionisotherm,withno experimentalevidenceavailabletochooseamongthem.TheadvantageoftheNMR methodisthatitsimultaneouslygivesthequantityofadsorbedprotein,thesurfacecover- ageofthesolidbytheprotein,andthemonolayerormultilayermodeofadsorption(16). Onlyknowledgeofthesethreefactorsallowsapossibleunfoldingoftheproteinsonthe claysurfacestobe...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20