... are:)n=1,2,3,…=0,1,2,…,n-1ml =- , - +1,…,0,…, , (ms=+ or - 1/2)llll0 -1 3.6eVU(r)© E. Fitzgerald- 199 9)in -1 3.225 9 Diffraction Picture of the Origin of Band Gaps Probability Density=probability/volume ... thereπ/a−π/a© E. Fitzgerald- 199 9 ))))) 9 3.22517Relationship between Quantum NumbersspdOrigin of the periodic tablessp© E. Fitzgerald- 199 93.22518Bonding and Hybridization• Energy ... the valence band to the conduction bandEcnear band gapEvnear band gapEkE=hνCreates a ‘hole’ in the valence band© E. Fitzgerald- 199 9 3.2258Holes and Electrons• Instead of tracking...