Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Chapter 16 (end) doc

... expvL/D 16. 2.4 The Peclet number of the barrier is defined by Pe b D vL D 16. 2.5 If Pe b is high, then Eq. (16. 2.4) can be approximated by F ³  vC en 16. 2.6 If Pe b is very small, then Eq. (16. 2.4) ... (16. 3.3) yields  D  max 16. 3.4 When this occurs, the reaction is called a zero-order reaction. Alternatively, in the limiting case of C s − K c , Eq. (16. 3.3) yields  D ...

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... solutions of these equations, as shown below. 3.2 ONE-DIRECTIONAL FLOWS One-directional flows are characterized by parallel streamlines. For conve- nience, consider that the flow is along the x coordinate ... fluid mechanics refers to different methods of solving these differential equations. For the present section, we consider only the numer- ical solution of creeping flows. In such flows the r...

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... two- dimensional flows, which are the most common situation for analysis using potential flow theory. There also is some discussion of axisymmetric flows, and numerical solutions of two- and three-dimensional ... three-dimensional flows. 4.2 TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOWS AND THE COMPLEX POTENTIAL 4.2.1 General Considerations In cases of potential, incompressible, two-dimensional flows, velocity compo- nen...

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... in the x-direction are shown in Fig. 10.6, but similar fluxes may be defined for the y-andz-directions. Using a truncated Figure 10.6 Fluid element, showing fluxes of species 1 in the x-direction. Copyright ... Rights Reserved. 10 Environmental Transport Processes 10.1 INTRODUCTION The field of environmental fluid mechanics spans a broad range of topics. Though based primarily on fluid mec...

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... students with appro- priate fluid mechanics backgrounds. Although the book addresses principles of fluid mechanics relevant to the entire environment, the emphasis is mostly on water-related issues. The ... Rights Reserved. Contents Preface Part 1 Principles of Environmental Fluid Mechanics 1. Preliminary Concepts 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Properties of Fluids 1.3 Mathematical Preliminarie...

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... points. Applying this expression, we obtain a second-order tensor that describes the rate of change of the coordinate intervals per unit length. This second-order tensor can be separated into symmetric ... pressure effects can be neglected for normal environmental conditions in water. In fact, the only circumstances under which this term becomes important are with high- speed flows, when U a...

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... discussion of its application to several specific issues of environmental fluid mechanics. Special attention also is given to the development and prop- agation of waves in open channels and rivers. Internal ... C C 2 8.5.16b where C 1 and C 2 are constants connected with the initial location of the fluid particle. We eliminate the time-dependent expression from the two parts of Eq. (8.5 .16...

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... oceans. Another interesting effect of rotation can be seen on wind-driven cur- rents, where the velocity field is formed into the so-called Ekman spiral. Consider a flow far from any boundaries, with ... NJ. Pedlosky, Joseph, 1987. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, 2 ND Ed. Springer-Verlag, New York. Rossby, C. G., 1932. A generalization of the theory of the mixing length with appli- cation to atmo...

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... much larger than is usually required, according to continuum mechanics of single-phase materials. In single-phase materials, continuum mechanics requires reference to an elementary volume significantly ... one-and two-dimensional domains, as well as parabolic partial differential equations. However, without denying the value of other books on numerical methods, we find that this textbook in...

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... This is the same as the steady-state solu- tion for C BOD , if dispersion is neglected and time t is replaced with travel time (x/U). In other words, for a steady-state problem in which dispersion ... and Ghosh, U., 1995. Surface aeration. J. of Environmental Engineering 121(1):113–118. Chapra, S. C., 1997. Surface Water Quality Modeling. McGraw-Hill, Boston. Danckwerts, P. V., 1951. Signifi...

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