Applications of Environmental Chemistry: A Practical Guide for Environmental Professionals - Chpater 5 ppsx

... Water Soil CO 2 3 .5 Acidity and Alkalinity Background Acidity Alkalinity Importance of Alkalinity Criteria and Standards for Alkalinity Calculating Alkalinity Calculating Changes in Alkalinity, ... establishing a final regulation. An example of such a regulation may be a numerical standard for a chemical not previously regulated, a revised standard for a chemical a...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... (electronegativity of C = 2 .5; electronegativity of H = 2.1) all alkanes are nonpolar because of their bond geometry. In the straight-chain alkanes (called normal-alkanes), as the alkane carbon chain becomes ... also affects polarizability. Elongated molecules are more polarizable than compact molecules. Thus, a linear alkane is more polarizable than a branched alkane of the same...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... Alkalinity Importance of Alkalinity Criteria and Standards for Alkalinity Calculating Alkalinity Calculating Changes in Alkalinity, Carbonate, and pH 3.6 Hardness Background Calculating Hardness Importance ... productive waterfowl habitats correlate with increased alkalinity above 25 mg/L as CaCO 3 . CRITERIA AND STANDARDS FOR ALKALINITY Naturally occurring levels of alkalinity re...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... Gravity pulls water downward. 2. Water pressure in the aquifer acts upward against gravity. 3. Capillary forces at the interface between the saturated and unsaturated zones also act upward against ... 3-ring aromatic hydrocarbons. Using calibration standards for the water-soluble fractions improves the accuracy of identifying water sample contaminants. L1 354 /ch 05/ Frame Page 133 Tuesda...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... help assure that artifacts are recognizable and are not mistaken as real data. Trip Blanks: For each type of container and preservative, at least one container of analyte-free water should travel ... LLC Example 6.2: Calculate the Chlorine Needed to Remove Ammonia A waste treatment plant handles 1 ,50 0,000 L/day of sewage that contains an average of 50 mg/L of NH 3 -N. How man...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... criteria documents: Arsenic (EPA 440/ 5- 8 4-0 33), Cadmium (EPA 440/ 5- 8 4-0 32), Chromium (EPA 440/ 5- 8 4-0 29), Copper (EPA 440/ 5- 8 4-0 31), Cyanide (EPA 440/ 5- 8 4- 028), Lead (EPA 440/ 5- 8 4-0 27), Nickel (EPA 440/ 5- 8 6-0 04), ... Endosulfan (EPA 440/ 5- 8 0-0 46), Endrin (EPA 440/ 5- 8 0-0 47), Heptachlor (440/ 5- 8 0-0 52 ), Hexachlo- rocyclohexa...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... trial and for verification of data. There are two components to monitoring: data management (record keeping and data handling) and data quality (quality assurance and quality control). Record-keeping ... factors: the size of the sample, and the variations of measurements in the sample indicated by the standard deviation. For example, the standard error of a mean is calculate...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:20

... be analysed and interpreted, an often time consuming and demanding task. Analysis of qualitative data offers different challenges from quantitative data. The data often consist of a mass of ... choice of the statistical test to be used. For the purposes of data description, and statistical analysis, data are looked at as variables. Data are classified as either numerical or c...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:20

... or standard deviation. Variable Statistical term for the score in data. Variance A measure of the dispersion or variability of a group of scores. 228 A practical guide for health researchers C Case–control ... which a sample is drawn from a population such that each member of the population has had an equal chance of selection. Random sampling is not haphazard...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 14:22

... metadata management must provide means for cap- turing and storing metadata with proper versioning to indicate its time-variant feature. Variety of Metadata Sources. Metadata for a data warehouse ... Name Package Key Package Type COUNTRY REGION TERRITORY PACKAGE Figure 1 1-9 Sales: “snowflake” schema. Analysis and look-up capabilities. Capable of browsing all parts of metadata...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22