General Principles for Approaches to the Facial Skeleton - part 8 ppsx

... inferior to the lowest part of the bony external auditory meatus (Fig. 1 0-1 ). The average distance from the lowest point on the external bony auditory meatus to the bifurcation of the facial ... laterally into the substance of the parotid gland. The length of the facial nerve trunk that is visible to the surgeon is about 1,3 cm. It divides into the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20

... just posterior to the orbital septum, ending just posterior to the orbital rim (Fig. 3 -8 ). Figure 3 8 Scissors placed into the initial canthopexy incision to dissect in the subconjunctival plane. The dissection ... superior limb of the tendon. An effective method to pass this suture is to identify the superior limb of the canthal tendon first with small, toothed...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20

... 6-4 Branches of the facial nerve. The distance from the anterior concavity of the external auditory canal to the crossing of the zygomatic arch (arrow) by the temporal branch varies from 8 to ... of Facial Nerve The temporal branches of the facial nerve are often called the frontal branches when they reach the supraciliary region. The nerves provide motor...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20

... the periosteum of the nasofrontal region (see Fig. 6-1 7). Dissection can proceed along the dorsum to the nasal tip, if necessary (Fig. 6-1 8) . Figure 6-1 8 Dissection inferiorly to the top of the ... across the forehead from one superior temporal line to the other. The tension throu g h p eriosteum should be 3 to 4 cm su p erior to the orbital rims....

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20

... effect of the medial pull of the alar bases on the nose (Fig. 7-7 ). Another method is to evert the tissue into the incision area by pressing the thumb or finger into the alar facial groove (Fig. 7 -8 ). ... relationship of facial vessels to b one. The onl y tissue between them is the p eriosteum. S E C T I O N IV TRANSORAL APPROACHES TO THE FACIAL SK...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20

... anterior (2 mm) bands. The upper surface of the disk adapts to the contours of the fossa and eminence of the temporal bone, and the lower surface of the disk adapts to the contour of the mandibular ... individual to the next, and range anywhere from 8 to 35 mm (20 mm average) anterior to the external auditory canal (Fig. 1 2-2 ) (1). Therefore, protect...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20

... the hair out of the surgical field. Cotton soaked in mineral oil or antibiotic ointment may be placed into the external auditory canal. 1 68 ALTERNATE APPROACHES Other approaches to ... freeing the periosteum from its lateral surface. The periosteal elevator can then be used to continue bluntly dissecting inferiorly with the black-and-forth motion, taking ca...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20