General Principles for Approaches to the Facial Skeleton - part 4 doc

... 6 -4 Branches of the facial nerve. The distance from the anterior concavity of the external auditory canal to the crossing of the zygomatic arch (arrow) by the temporal branch varies from 8 to ... of Facial Nerve The temporal branches of the facial nerve are often called the frontal branches when they reach the supraciliary region. The nerves provide motor i...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20

... anterior (2 mm) bands. The upper surface of the disk adapts to the contours of the fossa and eminence of the temporal bone, and the lower surface of the disk adapts to the contour of the mandibular ... dissection is the same as described for the retromandibular approach. The main advantage of the rhytidectomy approach to the ramus is the les conspic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20

... through the superior limb of the lateral canthal tendon. The bulk of the lateral canthal tendon attaches to the orbital tubercle, 3 to 4 mm posterior to the orbital margin. Following canthotomy, the ... superior limb of the tendon. An effective method to pass this suture is to identify the superior limb of the canthal tendon first with small, toothed forceps...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20

... across the forehead from one superior temporal line to the other. The tension throu g h p eriosteum should be 3 to 4 cm su p erior to the orbital rims. 75 Figure 6- 10 Draping of the patient and the ... and inferior to where the artery pierces the medial orbital wall. With a periosteal elevator on each side of the foramen, retraction allows the periosteum att...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20

... relationship of facial vessels to b one. The onl y tissue between them is the p eriosteum. S E C T I O N IV TRANSORAL APPROACHES TO THE FACIAL SKELETON The midfacial and mandibular skeleton can ... in the midface. It allows relatively safe access to the entire facial surface of the midfacial skeleton, from the zygomatic arch to the infraorbital r...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20

... inferior to the lowest part of the bony external auditory meatus (Fig. 1 0-1 ). The average distance from the lowest point on the external bony auditory meatus to the bifurcation of the facial ... laterally into the substance of the parotid gland. The length of the facial nerve trunk that is visible to the surgeon is about 1,3 cm. It divides into the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20

... freeing the periosteum from its lateral surface. The periosteal elevator can then be used to continue bluntly dissecting inferiorly with the black-and-forth motion, taking care not to dissect ... clinically. The standard and most basic is the Preauricular approach. Other approaches differ in term of placement of the skin incision as well as access to the joint. The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:20