PESTICIDES IN AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 9 docx

... convenient and to reduce exposure for the people who use pesticide prod- ucts. Bulk-handling and mini-bulk-handling systems are available to store, trans- port, and handle liquid and granular pesticides. ... charging of the spray solution at the nozzle. Contact charging adds 40,000 V to the liquid spray solution in a charging chamber and then distributes the solution i...

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... been in use since its EPA registration in early 198 2 to control northern jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) in rice and soybean crops in Arkansas and the neigh- boring rice-producing states in the ... protect them against diseases, improve handling and visual qualities, improve shelf life, etc. These materials and treatments are coming under increasing scrutiny by the...

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... are involved in finding the right balance between these two objectives they will un- derstand the trade-offs involved and will continue to support the effort. The strength of the IPM concept lies in the ... provisions in the following paragraphs. The FQPA of 199 6 amended the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Roden- ticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Dru...

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... NA 98 198 9 97 93 96 61 91 NA NA NA NA NA 77 NA NA NA 97 199 0 95 95 95 34 89 NA NA NA NA NA 79 NA NA NA 98 199 1 96 92 97 30 94 78 NA NA NA NA 91 NA NA 97 95 199 2 97 91 98 35 91 NA NA NA NA NA 93 ... Fungicide Other acres of states Vegetable (1000s) surveyed a 199 2 199 4 199 6 199 2 199 4 199 6 199 2 199 4 199 6 199 2 199 4 199 6 Percent of acres Sweet corn...

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... approximately 11,500 individuals [23–25]. During 199 4– 199 5, 199 5– 199 6, and 199 6– 199 7 (CSFII 199 4– 199 6), the two nonconsecutive day surveys had a combined total of approximately 16,000 individuals [26]. A Supplemental ... water sources. With the mandate of the 199 6 FQPA, the shortage of reliable residue data became the main impediment in realistically including the...

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... sciences. 6 SUMMARY The 197 0– 199 0 era began with the banning of pesticides that were problematic from an environmental viewpoint—DDT and other organochlorines, DBCP, EDB, and others and the creation ... defining underlying principles. These can serve as starting points or steps in the assessment of chemi- cal processing important to the health of the environment, human...

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... may vary depending on the sample type and the purpose of the analysis. In the United This chapter was not prepared on behalf of the California Department of Food and Agriculture and therefore does ... used around the world: PAM-I (Luke and Storres methods); European standards I, II, and III [14,15]; those of Sweden [16], the Netherlands [17], United Kingdom [18],...

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... 263, 799 0.3 17, 291 11 ,92 0 172,371 54,308 255, 890 97 Delaware 174,845 0.2 38, 591 1 ,99 3 16,806 9, 193 66,583 38 Florida 4,817,261 4 .9 1,083 ,92 1 1, 493 ,470 1,4 49, 951 692 ,566 4,7 19, 908 98 Georgia 1 ,92 0, 598 ... 2,188,026 2.2 18,8 79 9,6 59 27,167 1,614 57,3 19 3 California 17,033,417 17.4 4,0 19, 298 7,822,7 69 2,210,574 297 ,312 14,3 49, 953 84 Colorado 1,326 ,94 4 1...

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... Agriculture and Environ- ment. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 199 8. The United Nations and national governments have long been interested in ascertaining the resistance situation. A 198 4 study initiated by the ... re- ported between 199 0 and 2000 (Table 4). To date, the only organochlorine com- pounds remaining in use are DDT, endosulfan, lindane, and dicofol, and their u...

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... (joint venture, 199 8), Calgene ( 199 6 /97 ), Agracetus ( 199 6), Chev- ron (home products business in 199 3). Sumitomo Chemical Abbott (AG business in 2000), Chevron (ag business in 199 1). Others include ... ( 198 9). Others in- clude Murphy Chemical and Walker Chemie. DuPont Pioneer Hybrid ( 199 7, 199 9), Griffin Corporation (50% in 199 7), Protein Technologies ( 199 7), Shel...

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