Chemical Pesticides: Mode of Action and Toxicology - Chapter 8 pptx

... example of adaptation of micro- flora to (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) acetic acid (MCPA) and (2,4-dichloro- phenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D). Soils from lots that had been treated with herbi- cides for 18, ... families CYP2 and CYP3 play the greatest role in the metabolism of drugs and pesticides. The catalytic cycle of CYP enzymes is shown in Figure 8. 8. Figure 8. 8 The catalytic c...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... the law of mass action, and our knowledge of the nature of the chemical processes in organisms, we can condense biochemical toxicology to three sentences, and about seven types of reactions: 1. ... Stenersen  2.2.2 Dose and effect The law of mass action tells us that the amount of reaction products and the velocity of a chemical reaction increase with the conce...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... soybeans, peanuts, and rice, which are more or less tolerant to this herbicide. Bifenox, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, HC-252, lactofen, and oxyfluorfen have analogous structures and modes of action. The carboxyl ... representation of photosynthesis and the site of action of D 1 blockers and paraquat. Figure 3 .8 Schematic representation of the redox cycle of plastoquinone. Mn...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... of feeding of Lepidoptera larvae and paralysis of the gut that retards the passage of food and allows the spores to germinate. The larvae suffer a general paralysis and die. Bt israelen- sis-treated ... proteins, and their function and versatility for insect control have yet to be elucidated. 4.1 The mechanism of action of δ-endotoxins As mentioned, the δ-endotoxin (Cr...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... diphospate-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, which is the substrate for chitin synthetase, and inhibit the incorporation of 2-aceta- mido-2-deoxy-D-glucose into chitin. It is produced by fermentation of ... chloroplasts. Naturally the reactions involved in the synthesis of 5-enolpyru- voyl-shikimate-3-phosphate and its inhibition by glyphosate have been stud- ied extensively, and man...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... the name (RS )-3 -allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclo- pent-2-enyl(1R,3R )-2 ,2-dimethyl- 3-( 2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecar- boxylate from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ... toxicity of several halocyclopropane analogues of DDT in his efforts to relate toxicity to molecular shapes. DCC (1,1-di-(p-chlorophenyl-2,2-dichlo- rocyclopropane)), is rather to...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... is of great eco- nomic importance and is cross-resistant to parathion-methyl and profenofos, but not to chlorpyrifos. It has an acetylcholinesterase with low sensitivity to paraoxon-methyl and ... following reaction: Table 9.5 Summary of the Results of the Work of Arnaud et al. (19 98) on the Content of EPSP Synthase and Its Properties Leaves Roots Biotype nkat I 50 nkat I...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... co-metabolism 167 8. 2.3 Kinetics of degradation 167 8. 2.4 Importance of chemical structure for degradation 1 68 8.2.5 Examples 169 8. 2.5.1 Co-metabolism and adaptation 169 8. 2.5.2 Parathion and ... efficiency of mutant types. 48 Chemical pesticides: Mode of action and toxicology A simplified scheme of the redox cycle of plastoquinone is shown in Figur...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:11

... rejection ions Ca 2+ SO 2- Na + H 2 0Na + Cl - H 2 0Na + Cl - H 2 0 H 2 0Na + Cl - H 2 0Na + Cl - H 2 0 H 2 0Na + Cl - H 2 0Na + Cl - H 2 0 H 2 0Na + Cl - H 2 0Na + Cl - H 2 0 H 2 0Na + Cl - H 2 0Na + Cl - H 2 0 H 2 0Na + Cl - H 2 0Na + Cl - H 2 0 H 2 0 H 2 0 H 2 0 Monovalent ... the arrow, and the PA-100 membrane to the right of the rea...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... of the Interior, US Geological Survey (grant nos. HQ96G- R0267 9-1 and HQGR0 088 ) and by the U.S. EPA (grant nos. GAD# R826 180 and R -8 2 94210 1-0 ). REFERENCES 1. Subsurface Contaminants Focus Area: ... Department of Energy, Office of Science and Technology, August 1996 (Report No. DOE/EM-0296, NTIS Order No. DOE/EM-0296; available through EM Helpline: Tel.: + 1 -8 0 0-7...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21