BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS: AGROCHEMICALS - CHAPTER 2 docx

... concentrations. 26 and 27 exhibited inhibitory effects on germination (26 , –53%, 10 –9 M; 27 , –48%, 10 –8 M) and shoot (27 , 24 %, 10 –6 M) and root growth (26 , 27 %, 10 –8 M, 27 , 22 %, 10 –8 M) ... using hex- ane-EtOAc, mixtures of increasing polarity consisting of four kaurenoid carboxylic acids: (–)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (28 ), (–)-grandifloric acid, (–)-angeloylgrandifloric acid (2...

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... 2- ( 4-dichlorophenoxy) phe- noxy-methyl propanoate, Hoelon ® , 1974; Butyl 2- [ 4-( 5-trifluoro -2 - pyridyloxy)phenoxy] propionate, Fusilade ® , 1980; Methyl 2- ( 4-( (3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl ) -2 -pyridinyloxy )- phenoxy) ... Verdict/Gallant ® , 1981; and Ethyl (R ) -2 -[ 4-[ (6-chloro -2 - benox- azolyl)-oxy]-phenoxy] propanoate, Whip ® , 19 82 (Figure 1.6). All are grass...

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... sativa (L) 100 22 6 2. 2 105 1.0 114 77 12. 5 Sasa sinensis (S) 94 55 3 .2 17 2. 7 134 44 25 Secale cer eale (L)$$ 91 62 1 .2 48 1.3 79 21 10 Secale cereale (R) 100 186 1.4 1 42 0.8 1 32 55 12. 5 Sorghum ... esculenta (L)$$$ 92 22 6.3 3 4.9 22 32 10 Colocasia esculenta (R) 98 95 4.9 20 1.9 149 42 10 Colocasia esculenta (stem)$ 99 74 3.1 24 1.8 133 35 5 Commelina communis (...

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... Phytochemistry, 25 , 22 2 7 -2 23 1, 1986. 14. Elakovich, S.D. and Yang, J., J. Chem. Ecol., 22 , 22 0 9 -2 21 9, 1996. 15. Sütfeld, R., Petereit, F., and Nahrstedt, A., J. Chem. Ecol., 22 , 22 2 1 -2 23 1, 1996. 16. ... leaf 25 66 leaf 12. 5 47 leaf 2. 5 22 root and rhizome 25 67 root and rhizome 12. 5 35 root and rhizome 2. 5 22 Lettuce seedling leaf 12. 5 100 leaf 2. 5...

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... derivatized to yield the herbicides dicamba (3,6-dichloro- 2- methoxybenzoic acid) and chloramben (3-amino -2 , 5-dichlorobenzoic acid). The allelo- pathic terpenoid 1,8-cineole has served as a model for the ... Harrisburg, PA, 1 926 . 20 . Peigler, R., A defense of Ailanthus, Am. Hortic., 72( 2), 38, 1993. 21 . Newton, E., Arboreal riffraff or ultimate tree? Audubon, 88(4), 12, 1986. 22...

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... natural compounds: (24 R )-1 4α-methyl-5α-ergostan-3-one; 14α-methyl-5α-cholestan-3-one; cycloart-5-ene- 3β ,25 -diol; cycloart-3β ,25 -diol; 4α-methylergostan-5-ene-3β-ol; stigmast-4 ,22 -dien-6β-ol- 3- one ... dd) (H -2 3 ) 138.09 (C -2 2 ), 129 .44 (C -2 3 ), 5. 02 (1H, dd) (H -2 2 ) 126 .21 (C-4), 73. 12 (C-6) 4.34 (1H, s) (H-6) Stigmast-4 ,22 -dien-6α-ol- 3- one 166–16 8 16...

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... (H 2 O) – 6 STS (Koto fresh K -2 0 ) 1/1000 c 15 (±)-CA 10 6 (+ )-( 1S,2S)-CA 5 6–7 (– )-( 1R,2R)-CA 5 6 (±)-AlloCA 10 8–10 (±)-AlloCA b 10 10–11 (+ )-( 1R,2S)-AlloCA 10 12 13 5 10–11 1.67 9 (– )-( 1S,2R)-AlloCA ... ana- logs [(± )-1 9b, -1 9c, -1 9d, -2 0a, -2 0b, -2 0c, and -2 0d] of 2, could be synthesized from (± )-1 8a-d (Scheme 8.4). 22 In principle, this...

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... herbicides (pendimetha- lin [N-(1-ethylpropyl )-3 ,4-dimethyl -2 , 6-dinitrobenzenamine]; thiobencarb [S-[(4-chlorophe- nyl)methyl]-diethylcarbamothioate]; quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic ... acid); bensulfuron [methyl 2- [ [[[[(4,6-dimethoxy -2 - pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfo- nyl]methyl]benzoate]; or bentazon [ 3-( 1-methylethyl )-( 1H ) -2 ,1,3-benzothiadiaz...

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... 155, 365, 1994. 24 . Ferreira, J.F.S. and Janick, J., Intl. J. Plant Sci., 156, 801, 1995. 25 . Lin, Y. and Wagner, G.J., J. Chem. Ecol., 20 , 1907, 1994. 26 . Duke, S.O., in Handbook of Natural Toxins. ... most lucrative sources of phytotoxic allelochemi- cals. Plant-derived phytotoxins have been the sources of two commercial herbicides: a 1, 8- cineole-derived herbicide, cinmethyli...

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... H-7), 1 .22 (3H,s,H-9), 1.36(3H,s,H-10), 4.41(1H,q,J = 2. 4Hz, H-3). 13 CNMR(50MHz, CDCl 3 , TMS): 20 .4 (t,C-5), 22 .3 (q,C-7), 25 .7 (d,C-1), 28 .8(q,C-9), 29 .0(q,C-10), 35.0(t,C-6), 42. 6(t,C -2 ) , 48.4(d,C-4), ... 48.4(d,C-4), 68.1(d,C-3), 73.3(s,C-8). p-Menthane-3,8-trans-diol (2) . Mp 77. 3-7 8.3° (from Et 2 O-hexane), [α] 23 D ± 0° (CHCl 3 ; c = 0.1). IRν KBr max cm –1 : 3...

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