Cardiology Core Curriculum A problem-based approach - part 2 pptx

... for example, the reaction A → B → C. Usually, equations in differential or algebraic form are fitted to indi- vidual data sets, A, B, and C and a set of parameter estimates obtained. 26 TOOLS AND ... method that guarantees obtaining the best global solution to a nonlinear least-squares minimiza- tion problem. Even for a single-parameter model, several minima may exist! A minimizati...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 07:20

... intimal flap seen by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging was indicative of what? 7. What additional information was provided by magnetic resonance imaging that was unavailable by transthoracic ... in particular following revascularization techniques such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting • risk stratification after acute myocardia...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... small hemodynamically unimportant pericardial effusion was present. Doppler assessment revealed a peak gradient across the mitral valve of 28 mmHg (mean 14 mmHg) and a valve orifice area of 0·7 cm 2 calculated ... addition exsanguination caused by rupture of the descending thoracic aorta into the left pleural cavity. Case 2. 4 A 48-year-old male physician saw his local physician com...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... Texas, USA Cardiology Core Curriculum viii Christina Karaviotis, Lotika Singha and Andy Baker of BMJ Books for their advice, support, and the rapid response to trans-Atlantic emails and attachments. ... end-organ damage. In patients with diabetes mellitus (an important cardiovascular risk factor) retinopathy may develop. Increased capillary permeability leads to capillary closure and di...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... hypertension have abnormal nitric oxide mediated vasodilatation. The absence of appropriate nitric oxide mediated vasodilatation may lead to abnormal vascular remodeling and promote vascular damage, predisposing ... agent, and has the advantage of providing additional cardiac protection for patients with ischemia. Intra-arterial monitoring of therapy is advisable in the patient population who...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... coronary revascularization. Cardiac palpation Abnormalities of cardiac palpation such as left ventricular heave or lift, which are characterized by sustained outward movement of an area that is larger than the normal apex, ... fibrinolytic agents currently available are plasminogen activators. Reteplase (recombinant plasminogen activator [rPA]) and tenecteplase have a prolonged half-life an...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... resuscitation and emergency cardiac care: changes in the management of cardiac arrest. JAMA 20 01 ;28 5: 126 7–9. 15 Takata TA, Page RL, Joglar JA. Automated external defibrillators: technical considerations and ... transplantation, 55% have an etiology of end-stage ischemic heart disease. A diligent search Heart failure and cardiac transplantation 27 9 Table 10.1 Annual mortality risks a...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... This patient has several contraindications to cardiac transplantation in view of her advanced age and renal insufficiency. She has not yet had an appropriate trial of medical therapy that might ... (2 1 µkat/l; normal range 0–0·58 µkat/l), alanine aminotransferase 100 U/L (1·7 µkat/l), alkaline phosphatase 23 5 U/l (Normal range 30– 120 U/l); total bilirubin 2 1 mg/dl (36 µmol/l; normal ran...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... 1·0, partial Valvular disease and infective endocarditis 397 2. What anatomic features made this patient an ideal candidate for mitral valve repair versus mitral valve replacement? What features may ... digoxin 0 25 mg/day orally, furosemide 60 mg/day orally, potassium chloride 24 mEq/day, and omeprazole 20 mg/day orally. Examination. Physical examination: the patient appeared acutely ill....

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... and therapy is generally palliative. In rare cases, cardiac invasion Pericardial disease, disease of the aorta, and heart tumors 441 Cardiology Core Curriculum 470 aVRIV 1 V 4 aVLII V 2 V 5 aVF 25 ... breast, melanoma, leukemia, and lymphoma. Metastases arising from Kaposi’s sarcoma have been found in patients with AIDS. Metastatic cardiac tumors may invade the heart via the blood st...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20