The Fetal Matrix: Evolution, Development and Disease - part 7 ppt

... only in the offspring but also in the grand-offspring. We have already told the story of the Dutch Hunger Winterof1944/5 andexactly thesamething happenedthere :the grandchildrenborn to mothers who ... the paternal grandparent to the risk of diabetes in the grandson. Interestingly, the effect seemed to be confined to nutrition during the grandfather’s pre-pubertal growth phas...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK First published in print format ISBN-13 97 8-0 -5 2 1-8 345 7- 5 ISBN-13 97 8-0 -5 2 1-5 423 5 -7 ISBN-13 97 8-0 -5 1 1-3 370 1 -7 © P. Gluckman and M. Hanson ... without the written p ermission of Cambrid g e University Press. ISBN-10 0-5 1 1-3 370 1-9 ISBN-10 0-5 2 1-8 345 7- 0 ISBN-1...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... on the fetus but also on the placenta, and this may play a part in the development of the disease pre-eclampsia. The crucial point is that for about the first few weeks of human pregnancy the ... cell, the micro-environment is determined by the concentrations of sugar and oxygen and other nutrients in the blood stream and the tissue space surrounding the c...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... in siblings with the same mother and father. In half-siblings with the same mother the correlation is still high, but in half-siblings with different mothers but the same father there is no significant ... the Netherlands exposed to the near- famine conditions imposed by the Nazis in the winter of 1944/45. The effects of the poor and unbalanced diet of women during preg...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... Predictive adaptive responses and human disease Coronary heart disease Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) in 10 141 men and 5585 women 20 40 60 80 100 120 -5 .5 -6 .5 -7 .5 -8 .5 -9 .5 >9.5 Birth weight ... were made in humans. And that is the focus of the next chapter. 72 Fetal choices rebuffed, if the population there is thriving and the defenders ar...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... from the mitochondria in the egg, and not via the sperm. So they fit the bill of DNA that is transmitted directly from grandmother to granddaughter. Second, the metabolic capacity of the grandchildren’s ... studied the licking and grooming habits of rat mothers with their pups and observed that there are mothers who groom their pups a lot, and those who do not. The pups...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... occurred within the grandmother’s uterus when the egg des- tined to become the mother first developed, 17 and that exposure will have echoes into the grandchild. The uterus develops during the embryonic ... different nature 7 And the argument can continue back with diminishing effect to the great-grandmaternal and great-great- grandmaternal environments and so on. 8...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... devel- opment and recorded his findings. From his observations, he recognised that the health of the fetus and the subsequent child depended on the health of the mother. Two -and- a-half thousand ... disciplines, from theoretical biology to health policy and economics. As we discussed in the preface, there has been a large gulf between the theoretical and evolutionary bio...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... 12 humans ageing 179 –80 anxiety 178 behaviour 178 birth size 180 birth weight 178 –9 development at birth 27 developmental timetable 26 7 diet 177 , 178 –9 disease 174 –5, 178 –9 energy-expenditure reduction 173 , ... adiposity and fat dis- tribution in later life. Int. J. Obesity 27 (2003), 75 5 77 . Sayer, A. A., Cooper, C. and Barker, D. J. P. Is lifespan determined in utero...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... deterioration of their properties. The rate of the phenomenon depends largely on the nature of the metals, the attacking gases, and the new products that may form at the interface between the two phases ... The gold-copper system exhibits disorder-order transformation and the strengthening mechanism of these electrodeposited alloys is associated with this phenome...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21