The Fetal Matrix: Evolution, Development and Disease - part 4 ppsx

... responses and human disease Coronary heart disease Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) in 10 141 men and 5585 women 20 40 60 80 100 120 -5 .5 -6 .5 -7 .5 -8 .5 -9 .5 >9.5 Birth weight (pounds) SMR 20 40 60 80 100 120 -5 .5 ... or the stress on the appearance of a hungry-looking predator. The adrenal gland is under the control of the pituitary gland,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... on the fetus but also on the placenta, and this may play a part in the development of the disease pre-eclampsia. The crucial point is that for about the first few weeks of human pregnancy the ... cell, the micro-environment is determined by the concentrations of sugar and oxygen and other nutrients in the blood stream and the tissue space surrounding the c...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK First published in print format ISBN-13 97 8-0 -5 2 1-8 345 7-5 ISBN-13 97 8-0 -5 2 1-5 42 3 5-7 ISBN-13 97 8-0 -5 1 1-3 370 1-7 © P. Gluckman and M. Hanson ... reproduction of any part may take place without the written p ermission of Cambrid g e University Press. ISBN-10 0-5 1 1-3 370 1-9...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... the Netherlands exposed to the near- famine conditions imposed by the Nazis in the winter of 1 944 /45 . The effects of the poor and unbalanced diet of women during pregnancy on their children and ... in siblings with the same mother and father. In half-siblings with the same mother the correlation is still high, but in half-siblings with different mothers but the sa...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... effect. The telling example was the so-called Dutch Hunger Winter of 1 944 /45 which we referred to in chapter 2. In November 1 944 the Nazi occupiers of Holland had 116 Obesity, diabetes and other diseases inheritance. ... from the mitochondria in the egg, and not via the sperm. So they fit the bill of DNA that is transmitted directly from grandmother to granddaughter. Secon...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... only in the offspring but also in the grand-offspring. We have already told the story of the Dutch Hunger Winterof1 944 /5 andexactly thesamething happenedthere :the grandchildrenborn to mothers who ... the paternal grandparent to the risk of diabetes in the grandson. Interestingly, the effect seemed to be confined to nutrition during the grandfather’s pre-pubertal growth ph...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... different nature 7 And the argument can continue back with diminishing effect to the great-grandmaternal and great-great- grandmaternal environments and so on. 8 The ovary develops in the first half ... diabetes, and in both India and Finland the pattern and timing of the adiposity rebound is partly determined prenatally. The data from Finland show similar influences o...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... devel- opment and recorded his findings. From his observations, he recognised that the health of the fetus and the subsequent child depended on the health of the mother. Two -and- a-half thousand ... health policy and economics. As we discussed in the preface, there has been a large gulf between the theoretical and evolutionary biolo- gists on one hand and medical scien...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... 110–11 fetal growth retardation 48 fetal undernutrition 47 gene mutations 48 growth after birth 56 insulin relationship 111 insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) 39 40 , 43 suppression failure 49 insulin-like ... bed 45 insulin resistance 185–6 micronutrients 202 multiparous 44 n multiple 44 , 45 , 158 assisted reproduction 201 nutrition 175–7, 201–3 pathophysiological constr...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... Arabia msmonem@kfupm.edu.sa ISBN: 97 8-1 -4 0 2 0-6 07 2 -4 e-ISBN: 97 8-1 -4 0 2 0-6 07 3-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008921100 c  2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, ... being the scattering phase shift. From the boundary conditions of Eq. (29), ˜ S(r) is designated the “sine-like” J-matrix solution, and ˜ C(r)...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 05:20