... point of multiple pathways [3].The MAPK cascade consists of three interlinkedprotein kinases: a MAPKKK kinase, a MAPKK, and a MAPK [4]. Signals from extracellular stimuli aretransmitted into ... blot analysesWith an RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, MD, USA), 20 lgoftotal RNA was extracted according to the manufacturer’sinstructions, and was separated on a 1% agarose–formaldehyde gel. RNA was ... stress.AbbreviationsABA, abscisic acid; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; ACO, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase; ACS,1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase; APX, ascorbate...