Statistics for Environmental Science and Management - Chapter 12 pptx

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... 2001 by Chapman & Hall/CRC CHAPTER 1 The Role of Statistics in Environmental Science 1.1 Introduction In this chapter the role of statistics in environmental science is considered by examining ... Survival Standard Date Released Estimate Error 16-Apr 1189 0.688 0.027 17-Apr 1196 0.666 0.028 18-Apr 1194 0.634 0.027 21-Apr 1190 0.690 0.040 23-Apr 776 0.606 0.047 26-Apr 103...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... 4 4.32 4.23 -0 .077 2 5 4.97 4.74 -0 .215 3 6 4.58 4.55 -0 .016 4 8 4.72 4.81 0.104 5 9 4.53 4.70 0.184 6 10 4.96 5.35 0.405 7 11 5.31 5.14 -0 .154 8 12 5.42 5.15 -0 .254 9 17 4.87 4.76 -0 .095 10 18 ... appropriate protocols and procedures for establishing data quality objectives (DQO) and quality control and assurance (QC/QA). Stratified random sampling is someti...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... SSBC (J - 1)(K - 1) MSBC = SSBC/{(J - 1)(K - 1)} MSBC/MSE ABC Interaction SSABC (I - 1)(J - 1)(K - 1) MSABC = SSABC/{(I - 1)(J - 1)(K - 1)} MSABC/MSE Error SSE IJK(m - 1) MSE = SSE/{IJK(m - 1)} Total ... MSB/MSE Factor C SSC K - 1 MSC = SSC/(K - 1) MSC/MSE AB Interaction SSAB (I - 1)(J - 1) MSAB = SSAB/{(I - 1)((J - 1)} M...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... (x 1j - x 1 ) + (x 2j - x 2 ) + + (x ij - x i ), (5.3) for j from 1 to m and i from 1 to n, and plotting the S ij values against i, for each of the m sample times. The CUSUM chart for time ... plots for 1976, 1977, 1978 and 1981 compared to the mean for all years. The horizontal axis corresponds to lakes in the order of mean pH values for the four years....

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... called a control- treatment paired (CTP) design (Skalski and Robson, 1992, Chapter 6), or a before-after-control-impact-pairs (BACIP) design (Stewart-Oaten et al., 1986). Sometimes information is ... Difference 1 0.40 0.37 -0 .03 2 0.37 0.14 -0 .23 3 0.56 0.40 -0 .16 4 0.63 0.50 -0 .13 Start of Impact 5 0.33 0.26 -0 .07 6 0.45 0.22 -0 .23 Mean Difference Before -0 .13...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... n 1 is the sample size for the damaged site and n 2 is the sample size for the reference site, s p 2 = {(n 1 - 1)s 1 2 + (n 2 - 1)s 2 2 }/(n 1 + n 2 - 2) is the pooled-sample estimate of ... the z values is 0 .127 , with an estimated standard error of 0.163/ %8 = 0.058. The t-statistic for testing whether the mean is significantly greater than zero is therefore 0 ....

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... model y t - "y t-1 = $ 0 (1 - ") + $ 1 (x 1t - "x 1t-1 ) + + $ p (x pt - "x pt-1 ) + , t - ", t-1 or z t = ( + $ 1 v 1t + + $ p v pt + u t , where z t = y t - "y t-1 , ... pairwise observations, n i - 1 S = 3 3 sign(x i - x j ), (8.14) i = 2 j = 1 where sign(z) is -1 for z < 0, 0 for z = 0, and +1 for z...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... 0.01 -2 .40 <0.25 -5 .01 39 0.51 0.03 0.47 -0 .76 -0 .77 2 0.02 -2 .02 <0.25 -4 .36 40 0.53 0.07 0.48 -0 .73 -0 .71 3 0.03 -1 .81 <0.25 -3 .99 41 0.54 0.10 0.48 -0 .73 -0 .65 4 0.05 -1 .66 <0.25 -3 .73 ... 0.49 -0 .71 -0 .59 5 0.06 -1 .54 <0.25 -3 .52 43 0.57 0.17 0.51 -0 .67 -0 .53 6 0.07 -1 .44 <0.25 -3 .34...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... dose and ICR as functions of the other variables, with the @Risk add-on activated. Each recalculation of the spreadsheet then produced new random values for IR and BW, and consequently for dose and ... recalculation of the spreadsheet yields new random values for the input variables, and consequently new random values for the output variables. What @Risk and Crystal Ball d...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21