Báo cáo y học: "Insulin alleviates degradation of skeletal muscle protein by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system in septic rats" pps

... IL-6 in septic patients [35]. These inflamma- tory cytokines are key factors for activity of the Ub-pro- teasome system [36]. Thus, insulin may inhibit the activity of the Ub system by inhibiting ... that insulin administration inhibits various steps in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, whether insulin can alleviate the degradation of skeletal mus...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:23

... anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by Tregs and other cells, and is involved in the regulation of immune responses [28]. Therefore, the IL-10 overproduc- tion may be caused by the inhibition of the ... 3, 3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride before counter- staining with hematoxylin. Negative control studies were performed by using isotype matched IgG or by omitting t...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... sign of inflammation; 1, mild swelling or erythema or both; 2, moderate swelling and erythema; and 3, marked swelling and erythema. The arthritic index for each mouse was constructed by summing ... studied by a blinded examiner regarding synovitis and erosion of bone/cartilage. Synovial hypertrophy was defined as a membrane thickness of more than two cell layers [23]. A histologic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... viabil- ity of the cells was tested by the Wst-1 assay (Boehringer Mannheim) to determine the toxicity of the proteasome inhibitors on the cells. Competing interests The authors declare that they have ... objective of the work described in this report is to gain insight into the mechanism of restriction of cell-free HIV- 1 infection in the BeWo trophoblast ce...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:21

... hardly cleaved by HpU-9-L, again indicating the digestion by HpU-9-L was specific. In summary, we succeeded in the pre- paration of a catalytic antibody light chain capable of specifically digesting the ... USA). Cleavage tests by HpU-9-L The peptide of SVELIDIGGNRRIFGFNALVD was synthesized by the Fmoc solid-phase method by use of an automated peptide synthesizer...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... fragments obtained by calpain-mediated cleavage in the absence of oxidation. Fig. S2. Detection of PTP1B in wild-type and calpain- deficient cells by immunocytochemistry. Fig. S3. Insulin receptor phosphorylation ... increasing amounts of calpain, and degradation was analyzed by SDS ⁄ PAGE followed by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. As shown in Fig. 1B, oxidized PTP1...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... this influence, the CE values of the target genes are normalized to a reference gene using the CE for GAPDH. The RE compared with GAPDH is determined by dividing the CE of the target gene by the ... activated PBMC cDNA significantly improves assay reliability by reducing variation and by simplifying assay development. Analysis of RA synovia indicates that six or mo...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... – by the low affinity genotype of FcγRs – of the bypass between immune complex and FcγR bearing cells. In a GPI immunized mouse model severe arthritis occurred only in DBA/1 mice, although the ... participated in the full design and coordination of the study, and DG, SI and AT participated in writing the discussion. Acknowledgements This work was supported in par...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... the synovial lining was demonstrated using TUNEL analysis of the sections, corresponding to the microscopic findings in hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, leukocyte infiltration into the synovial ... apoptosis of the injected, IL-1β expressing synovial cells used to induce disease also could play a role in the reduction in severity of the inflammatory pro...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... may contribute to the under-mineralisation in OA [8]. Interestingly, the findings of the present study indi- cated that the ratio of COL1A1/COL1A2 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in ... purposes) lular matrix, is synthesised only by bone-forming OB cells. OCN is suggested to be involved in the mineralisation process of newly synthesised osteoid [33]. It is i...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23