Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 14 docx

... jumping species barriers, espe- cially from animals to humans. Recently, the Marburg virus and the Ebola virus have emerged as life-threatening infections of humans and are believed to have originated ... production and the environment This text is primarily about the relationship between the environment and human health. It is undeniable that starvation and malnutrition are th...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... symptoms and a more rapid time-to-onset. Seafoods that could be respon- sible include shellfish (diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, paralytic shellfish poi- soning) and scalefish (scombroid and ciguatera ... ortho -chloraniline, dinitrobenzene, meta -nitroaniline, para -toluidine, nitrobenzene, meta -toluidine, ortho -nitrochlorobenzene, aniline, para -dinitrosobenze...

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... such as -NH 2 , -OH, -SH, or -COOH. The oxidation reactions include N- and O-dealkylations, side-chain and aromatic hydroxylations, N-oxidation and hydroxylation, sulfoxide formation, and desulfuration. ... environmental hazards — both man- made and natural — and with the risks to human health that they pose. It is designed such that topics are generally introduced in the...

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... detecting one breast cancer through annual mammography in 4 0- to 50-year-old women has been esti- mated at $144 ,000. In the 5 5- to 65-year-old group, it drops to $90,000. Legislators are required ... risk factor (i.e., of human origin). Risk assessment and carcinogenesis As already noted, this is the most complicated and least reliable area regard- ing the prediction of ris...

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... extreme and there may be short- or long-term effects on human health. Usual disposal methods for these substances include surface impoundments used in industry (45–55%), landfill sites (domestic and ... additives in Chapter 8). Both the EPA and the Envi- ronmental Health Directorate of Health and Welfare Canada have set maximum acceptable limits for toxicants in drinking water...

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... formaldehyde gas (see Chapter 2), other toxic chemicals, particulates such as asbestos fibers and fiberglass wool, and radon-source ionizing radiation (see Chapter 12). Airtight houses and build- ings, constructed ... reach 30 mps. Micro- scopic particles are retained for 1 or 2 months in the upper and mid-tropo- sphere and about 1 week in the lower troposphere (<1 mi). Airborn...

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... rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointes- tinal tract, metabolized through dihalocarbonyl compounds via the cyto- chrome P450-dependent, mixed-function oxidases to CO 2 and CO, and elim- inated ... 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p - dioxin (TCDD = dioxin). Agent Orange, used as a defoliant in Vietnam, was equal parts of 2,4,-D and 2,4,5,-T and contained TCDD as a cont...

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... metallothioneins (MTs) based on their amino acid sequences. MT-I and MT-II are the most widely distributed, while MT-III and MT-IV are restricted to neuronal and squamous epithelial cells. MTs have a high affinity ... copper, mercury, and zinc. Such induction makes them important defenses against heavy-metal poisoning, and experiments with knockout mice have shown that the absence of...

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... been demonstrated. The group includes toluene (1-methylbenzene) and the xylenes (1, 2-, 1, 3-, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene), as well as ethylbenzene and cumene (isopropylbenzene). Dinitrobenzene is ... complex mixtures having nitro- gen- and sulfur-containing elements (e.g., gasoline and other petroleum- based products). Industrially, the uses of solvents are many and varied. They...

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... conditions of husbandry and hygiene. The effect was confirmed later for other antibiotics and the mech- anism remains elusive. There is by now a long list of antibiotics and other anti-infective agents ... rBGH produce more of the natural hormone peptide insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and IGF-1 is secreted in milk. Increased blood levels of IGF-1 have been associated with an inc...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22