Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 13 potx

... Science , 249, 137 8 138 1, 1990. Report of the Working Group on Electric and Magnetic ELF Fields. Electric and Magnetic Fields and Your Health. Publ. # H4 6-2 /8 9-1 40E, Min. Supply and Services Canada, ... proximity and prolonged contact they entail. Other types of low- frequency waves include microwaves, emissions from TVs, and radio-fre- quency fields. High-tension li...

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... formaldehyde gas (see Chapter 2), other toxic chemicals, particulates such as asbestos fibers and fiberglass wool, and radon-source ionizing radiation (see Chapter 12). Airtight houses and build- ings, constructed ... reach 30 mps. Micro- scopic particles are retained for 1 or 2 months in the upper and mid-tropo- sphere and about 1 week in the lower troposphere (<1 mi). Airborn...

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... such as -NH 2 , -OH, -SH, or -COOH. The oxidation reactions include N- and O-dealkylations, side-chain and aromatic hydroxylations, N-oxidation and hydroxylation, sulfoxide formation, and desulfuration. ... environmental hazards — both man- made and natural — and with the risks to human health that they pose. It is designed such that topics are generally introduced in the...

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... detecting one breast cancer through annual mammography in 4 0- to 50-year-old women has been esti- mated at $144,000. In the 5 5- to 65-year-old group, it drops to $90,000. Legislators are required ... risk factor (i.e., of human origin). Risk assessment and carcinogenesis As already noted, this is the most complicated and least reliable area regard- ing the prediction of risk...

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... extreme and there may be short- or long-term effects on human health. Usual disposal methods for these substances include surface impoundments used in industry (45–55%), landfill sites (domestic and ... additives in Chapter 8). Both the EPA and the Envi- ronmental Health Directorate of Health and Welfare Canada have set maximum acceptable limits for toxicants in drinking water...

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... rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointes- tinal tract, metabolized through dihalocarbonyl compounds via the cyto- chrome P450-dependent, mixed-function oxidases to CO 2 and CO, and elim- inated ... 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p - dioxin (TCDD = dioxin). Agent Orange, used as a defoliant in Vietnam, was equal parts of 2,4,-D and 2,4,5,-T and contained TCDD as a cont...

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... metallothioneins (MTs) based on their amino acid sequences. MT-I and MT-II are the most widely distributed, while MT-III and MT-IV are restricted to neuronal and squamous epithelial cells. MTs have a high affinity ... copper, mercury, and zinc. Such induction makes them important defenses against heavy-metal poisoning, and experiments with knockout mice have shown that the absence of...

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... been demonstrated. The group includes toluene (1-methylbenzene) and the xylenes (1, 2-, 1, 3-, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene), as well as ethylbenzene and cumene (isopropylbenzene). Dinitrobenzene is ... complex mixtures having nitro- gen- and sulfur-containing elements (e.g., gasoline and other petroleum- based products). Industrially, the uses of solvents are many and varied. They...

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... percep- tions and beliefs regarding herbal therapies, Pharmacotherapy, 20, 83–87, 2000. Baily-Klepser, T. and Klepser, M.E., Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies, Am. J. Health- Syst. ... conditions of husbandry and hygiene. The effect was confirmed later for other antibiotics and the mech- anism remains elusive. There is by now a long list of antibiotics and other anti-in...

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... diquat. O 2 N CHCH 2 CH 3 CH 3 NO 3 OH O 2 N CH 3 NO 2 OH DINOSEB ( 2-sec-buty 1-4 , 6-dinitropheno1 ) DNOC ( 4, 6-dinitro-o-cresol ) H 3 CCH 3 NN ++ PARAQUAT DIQUAT DIBROMIDE NN + + 2Br - ©2001 CRC Press LLC Nonspecificity Broad-spectrum pesticides, ... all use in 1987. 4,6-Dinitro- o -cresol (DNOC, see Figure 35) has caused acute poisoning in humans with signs and symptoms i...

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