Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 10 pps

... filamentous), spore-forming fungi that also con- stitute a health hazard and which have historic, pharmacological signi - cance, but they are considered separately in Chapter 11. Some human health problems ... rat) and birds and is therefore viewed as a potential human teratogen. Acute effects in animals (including swine and poultry) include renal and hepatic destructi...

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... detecting one breast cancer through annual mammography in 4 0- to 50-year-old women has been esti- mated at $144,000. In the 5 5- to 65-year-old group, it drops to $90,000. Legislators are required ... materials and carpet- ing. The Canadian government, however, subsidized removal of such insu- lation to the tune of $10, 000 per home. An important source of toxic alde- hydes as a pote...

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... metallothioneins (MTs) based on their amino acid sequences. MT-I and MT-II are the most widely distributed, while MT-III and MT-IV are restricted to neuronal and squamous epithelial cells. MTs have a high affinity ... copper, mercury, and zinc. Such induction makes them important defenses against heavy-metal poisoning, and experiments with knockout mice have shown that the absence of...

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... been demonstrated. The group includes toluene (1-methylbenzene) and the xylenes (1, 2-, 1, 3-, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene), as well as ethylbenzene and cumene (isopropylbenzene). Dinitrobenzene is ... complex mixtures having nitro- gen- and sulfur-containing elements (e.g., gasoline and other petroleum- based products). Industrially, the uses of solvents are many and varied. They...

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... such as -NH 2 , -OH, -SH, or -COOH. The oxidation reactions include N- and O-dealkylations, side-chain and aromatic hydroxylations, N-oxidation and hydroxylation, sulfoxide formation, and desulfuration. ... semi-logarithmic plot (response vs. log-dose) of the dose–response curve shown in Figure 7. Log of Dose Dose-Response as Semi-Log Plot % Maximal Response -1 .0 -0 .5 0.0...

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... extreme and there may be short- or long-term effects on human health. Usual disposal methods for these substances include surface impoundments used in industry (45–55%), landfill sites (domestic and ... additives in Chapter 8). Both the EPA and the Envi- ronmental Health Directorate of Health and Welfare Canada have set maximum acceptable limits for toxicants in drinking water...

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... formaldehyde gas (see Chapter 2), other toxic chemicals, particulates such as asbestos fibers and fiberglass wool, and radon-source ionizing radiation (see Chapter 12). Airtight houses and build- ings, constructed ... reach 30 mps. Micro- scopic particles are retained for 1 or 2 months in the upper and mid-tropo- sphere and about 1 week in the lower troposphere (<1 mi). Airborn...

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... rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointes- tinal tract, metabolized through dihalocarbonyl compounds via the cyto- chrome P450-dependent, mixed-function oxidases to CO 2 and CO, and elim- inated ... 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p - dioxin (TCDD = dioxin). Agent Orange, used as a defoliant in Vietnam, was equal parts of 2,4,-D and 2,4,5,-T and contained TCDD as a cont...

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... conditions of husbandry and hygiene. The effect was confirmed later for other antibiotics and the mech- anism remains elusive. There is by now a long list of antibiotics and other anti-infective agents ... rBGH produce more of the natural hormone peptide insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and IGF-1 is secreted in milk. Increased blood levels of IGF-1 have been associated with an inc...

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... diquat. O 2 N CHCH 2 CH 3 CH 3 NO 3 OH O 2 N CH 3 NO 2 OH DINOSEB ( 2-sec-buty 1-4 , 6-dinitropheno1 ) DNOC ( 4, 6-dinitro-o-cresol ) H 3 CCH 3 NN ++ PARAQUAT DIQUAT DIBROMIDE NN + + 2Br - ©2001 CRC Press LLC Nonspecificity Broad-spectrum pesticides, ... all use in 1987. 4,6-Dinitro- o -cresol (DNOC, see Figure 35) has caused acute poisoning in humans with signs and symptoms i...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22