Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 7 pps

... been demonstrated. The group includes toluene(1-methylbenzene) and the xylenes (1, 2-, 1, 3-, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene), aswell as ethylbenzene and cumene (isopropylbenzene).Dinitrobenzene is ... complex mixtures having nitro-gen- and sulfur-containing elements (e.g., gasoline and other petroleum-based products).Industrially, the uses of solvents are many and varied. They are used inextraction ... thiopental; see Chapter 1), and prolongtheir CNS-depressing effects. Age, the presence of hepatic disease, and thegeneral state of health all inﬂuence individual risk. Non-occupational exposures...

Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 2 pps

... detecting one breast cancerthrough annual mammography in 4 0- to 50-year-old women has been esti-mated at $144,000. In the 5 5- to 65-year-old group, it drops to $90,000.Legislators are required ... riskfactor (i.e., of human origin). Risk assessment and carcinogenesis As already noted, this is the most complicated and least reliable area regard-ing the prediction of risk to human health in the ... the presence of co-carcinogens and pro-moters, even in animal studies. Regarding human data, such factors assmoking, alcohol consumption, and intake of nitrites, nitrates, and saturatedfats...

Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 6 pps

... poi-soning. Dimercaprol and penicillamine are SH-containing chelators. Dimer-caprol is given intramuscularly and penicillamine, orally. Hemodialysis can ©2001 CRC Press LLC to iron (7. 87) , ... CRC Press LLC to iron (7. 87) , manganese (7. 21), chromium (7. 18), zinc (7. 13), selenium (4 .78 ), and aluminum (2 .70 ). Intermediate are copper (8.96) and cadmium (8.65).In general, it can be seen ... metallothioneins (MTs) based on their amino acid sequences. MT-I and MT-II are the most widely distributed, while MT-III and MT-IV are restrictedto neuronal and squamous epithelial cells. MTs have a high afﬁnity...

Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 10 pps

... ﬁlamentous), spore-forming fungi that also con-stitute a health hazard and which have historic, pharmacological signi - cance, but they are considered separately in Chapter 11. Some human health problems ... rat) and birds and is therefore viewedas a potential human teratogen. Acute effects in animals (including swine and poultry) include renal and hepatic destruction. Both humoral and cel-lular ... Contamination of bread and cereals has been documented in parts of central Europe (Yugoslavia, Bul-garia, Poland, and Germany) and levels have been detected in human milk,urine, blood, and kidneys.Patulin...

Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 1 pptx

... such as-NH 2 , -OH, -SH, or -COOH. The oxidation reactions include N- and O-dealkylations, side-chain and aromatic hydroxylations, N-oxidation and hydroxylation, sulfoxide formation, and desulfuration. ... Figure 8 A semi-logarithmic plot (response vs. log-dose) of the dose–response curveshown in Figure 7. Log of DoseDose-Response as Semi-Log Plot% Maximal Response -1 .0 -0 .5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 ... environmental hazards — both man-made and natural — and with the risks to human health that they pose. It isdesigned such that topics are generally introduced in the early chapters and covered in greater...

Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 3 pptx

... after new discoveries, Pesticide and Toxic Chem-ical News, 17( 19), 17( 25), 7 8; 17( 30), 21, 1990.Henderson-Sellers, B. and Markland, H.R., Decaying Lakes: The Origin and Control ofCultural Eutrophication, ... electrolyte and water secretioninto the lumen of the gut. A heat-stable toxin, ST-I, acts similarly but oncyclic GMP. ST-II is thought to work via prostaglandin E2. Verotoxins 1 and 2, in O1 57: H7, inhibit ... acid herbicides The chlorphenoxy acid herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T have been widely usedon lawns and along road and railway rights-of-way. They mimic plantgrowth hormones so that accelerated...

Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 4 potx

... formaldehyde gas (see Chapter 2), othertoxic chemicals, particulates such as asbestos ﬁbers and ﬁberglass wool, and radon-source ionizing radiation (see Chapter 12). Airtight houses and build-ings, constructed ... (70 %) and NO – (30%). This acid mistmay affect the respiratory tract of people (and animals). Asthma sufferers and people with allergies are prone to loss of lung function and respira-tory ... reach 30 mps. Micro-scopic particles are retained for 1 or 2 months in the upper and mid-tropo-sphere and about 1 week in the lower troposphere (<1 mi).Airborne dioxins and similar compounds,...

Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 5 doc

... rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointes-tinal tract, metabolized through dihalocarbonyl compounds via the cyto-chrome P450-dependent, mixed-function oxidases to CO 2 and CO, and elim-inated ... and pregnantwomen are advised to avoid it. Herbicides This group includes 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophe-noxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), and dioxins such as 2,3 ,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo- ... 2,3 ,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p - dioxin (TCDD = dioxin). Agent Orange, used as a defoliant in Vietnam, wasequal parts of 2,4,-D and 2,4,5,-T and contained TCDD as a contaminant. Oneof the best-documented...

Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 8 pdf

... percep-tions and beliefs regarding herbal therapies, Pharmacotherapy, 20, 83– 87, 2000.Baily-Klepser, T. and Klepser, M.E., Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies, Am.J. Health- Syst. ... Cardiol., 18, 71 1 71 7, 1991.Kimura, T., Murakawa, Y. et al., Gastrointestinal absorption of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I in rats, J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 283, 611–618, 19 97. Klassen, ... 1989, 151–1 67. Oberrieder, H.K. and Fryer, E.B., College students’ knowledge and consumption ofsorbitol, J. Am. Dietetic Assoc., 91, 71 5 71 7, 1991.Pariza, M.W., A perspective on diet and cancer,...

Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 9 pptx

... diquat.O2NCHCH2CH3CH3NO3OHO2NCH3NO2OHDINOSEB( 2-sec-buty 1-4 , 6-dinitropheno1 )DNOC( 4, 6-dinitro-o-cresol )H3CCH3NN++PARAQUAT DIQUAT DIBROMIDENN++2Br - ©2001 CRC Press LLC Nonspeciﬁcity Broad-spectrum pesticides, ... suspended all use in 19 87. 4,6-Dinitro- o -cresol (DNOC, see Figure 35) has caused acute poisoningin humans with signs and symptoms including nausea, vomiting, restless-ness, and ﬂushing of the ... 249, 1 17 118, 1990.Ribbens, P.H., Mortality study of industrial workers exposed to aldrin, dieldrin and endrin, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 56, 1985, 75 79 .Schneider, M-J., Persistent...

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