Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 7 pps

... been demonstrated. The group includes toluene (1-methylbenzene) and the xylenes (1, 2-, 1, 3-, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene), as well as ethylbenzene and cumene (isopropylbenzene). Dinitrobenzene is ... complex mixtures having nitro- gen- and sulfur-containing elements (e.g., gasoline and other petroleum- based products). Industrially, the uses of solvents are many and varied. They...

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... detecting one breast cancer through annual mammography in 4 0- to 50-year-old women has been esti- mated at $144,000. In the 5 5- to 65-year-old group, it drops to $90,000. Legislators are required ... risk factor (i.e., of human origin). Risk assessment and carcinogenesis As already noted, this is the most complicated and least reliable area regard- ing the prediction of risk...

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... poi- soning. Dimercaprol and penicillamine are SH-containing chelators. Dimer- caprol is given intramuscularly and penicillamine, orally. Hemodialysis can ©2001 CRC Press LLC to iron (7. 87) , ... CRC Press LLC to iron (7. 87) , manganese (7. 21), chromium (7. 18), zinc (7. 13), selenium (4 .78 ), and aluminum (2 .70 ). Intermediate are copper (8.96) and cadmium (8.65). In gener...

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... filamentous), spore-forming fungi that also con- stitute a health hazard and which have historic, pharmacological signi - cance, but they are considered separately in Chapter 11. Some human health problems ... rat) and birds and is therefore viewed as a potential human teratogen. Acute effects in animals (including swine and poultry) include renal and hepatic destructi...

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... such as -NH 2 , -OH, -SH, or -COOH. The oxidation reactions include N- and O-dealkylations, side-chain and aromatic hydroxylations, N-oxidation and hydroxylation, sulfoxide formation, and desulfuration. ... Figure 8 A semi-logarithmic plot (response vs. log-dose) of the dose–response curve shown in Figure 7. Log of Dose Dose-Response as Semi-Log Plot % Maximal Response -1...

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... after new discoveries, Pesticide and Toxic Chem- ical News, 17( 19), 17( 25), 7 8; 17( 30), 21, 1990. Henderson-Sellers, B. and Markland, H.R., Decaying Lakes: The Origin and Control of Cultural Eutrophication, ... electrolyte and water secretion into the lumen of the gut. A heat-stable toxin, ST-I, acts similarly but on cyclic GMP. ST-II is thought to work via prostaglandin E2. Vero...

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... formaldehyde gas (see Chapter 2), other toxic chemicals, particulates such as asbestos fibers and fiberglass wool, and radon-source ionizing radiation (see Chapter 12). Airtight houses and build- ings, constructed ... (70 %) and NO – (30%). This acid mist may affect the respiratory tract of people (and animals). Asthma sufferers and people with allergies are prone to loss...

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... rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointes- tinal tract, metabolized through dihalocarbonyl compounds via the cyto- chrome P450-dependent, mixed-function oxidases to CO 2 and CO, and elim- inated ... and pregnant women are advised to avoid it. Herbicides This group includes 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophe- noxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), and dioxin...

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... percep- tions and beliefs regarding herbal therapies, Pharmacotherapy, 20, 83– 87, 2000. Baily-Klepser, T. and Klepser, M.E., Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies, Am. J. Health- Syst. ... Cardiol., 18, 71 1 71 7, 1991. Kimura, T., Murakawa, Y. et al., Gastrointestinal absorption of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I in rats, J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 283, 611–...

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... diquat. O 2 N CHCH 2 CH 3 CH 3 NO 3 OH O 2 N CH 3 NO 2 OH DINOSEB ( 2-sec-buty 1-4 , 6-dinitropheno1 ) DNOC ( 4, 6-dinitro-o-cresol ) H 3 CCH 3 NN ++ PARAQUAT DIQUAT DIBROMIDE NN + + 2Br - ©2001 CRC Press LLC Nonspecificity Broad-spectrum pesticides, ... suspended all use in 19 87. 4,6-Dinitro- o -cresol (DNOC, see Figure 35) has caused acute poisoning in humans with signs and...

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