Ecosystems and Human Health - Chapter 3 pptx

... water. Amer- icans use 5150.7 L/person/day and Canadians, 438 3.6. In contrast, Sweden uses only 849 .3 and the United Kingdom, 4 93. 2 L/person/day. Water has also become a political and economic ... additives in Chapter 8). Both the EPA and the Envi- ronmental Health Directorate of Health and Welfare Canada have set maximum acceptable limits for toxicants in drinking water....

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... such as -NH 2 , -OH, -SH, or -COOH. The oxidation reactions include N- and O-dealkylations, side-chain and aromatic hydroxylations, N-oxidation and hydroxylation, sulfoxide formation, and desulfuration. ... semi-logarithmic plot (response vs. log-dose) of the dose–response curve shown in Figure 7. Log of Dose Dose-Response as Semi-Log Plot % Maximal Response -1 .0 -0 .5 0.0...

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... diquat. O 2 N CHCH 2 CH 3 CH 3 NO 3 OH O 2 N CH 3 NO 2 OH DINOSEB ( 2-sec-buty 1-4 , 6-dinitropheno1 ) DNOC ( 4, 6-dinitro-o-cresol ) H 3 CCH 3 NN ++ PARAQUAT DIQUAT DIBROMIDE NN + + 2Br - ©2001 CRC Press ... all use in 1987. 4,6-Dinitro- o -cresol (DNOC, see Figure 35 ) has caused acute poisoning in humans with signs and symptoms including nausea, vomiting, restless...

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... half-shell: hazards of eating shellfish, Pers. Biol. Med., 33 , 31 3 32 2, 1990. Olivera, B.M., Gray, W.R. et al., Peptide neurotoxins from fish-hunting cone snails, Science, 230 , 1985, 133 8– 134 3. Ostrander, ... and D. purpura ) are the com- mercial source of medicinal digitalis. Many garden plants possess similar active components, including lily-of-the-valley, star-of-Bethlehem...

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... detecting one breast cancer through annual mammography in 4 0- to 50-year-old women has been esti- mated at $144,000. In the 5 5- to 65-year-old group, it drops to $90,000. Legislators are required ... source and is primarily a measure of the state of the environment. So-called “end- of-pipe” or point of emission monitoring refers to the measure of effluent levels from drains and sta...

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... formaldehyde gas (see Chapter 2), other toxic chemicals, particulates such as asbestos fibers and fiberglass wool, and radon-source ionizing radiation (see Chapter 12). Airtight houses and build- ings, constructed ... and lake-water temperatures have increased by 2°C during this period and that the ice-free season has lengthened by 3 weeks. The ther- mocline has also deepened. E...

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... Pharmacol. Toxicol ., 35 , 30 7 34 0, 1995. Johnson, E.F., A partnership between the dioxin receptor and a basic helix-loop-helix- protein, Science , 252, 924–925, 1991. Landers, J.P. and Bunce, N.J., ... by 2 ,3, 7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin, Carcinogen- esis , 13, 2029–2 033 , 1992. Review questions For Questions 1 to 6, use the following code: Answer A if st...

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... metallothioneins (MTs) based on their amino acid sequences. MT-I and MT-II are the most widely distributed, while MT-III and MT-IV are restricted to neuronal and squamous epithelial cells. MTs have a high affinity ... copper, mercury, and zinc. Such induction makes them important defenses against heavy-metal poisoning, and experiments with knockout mice have shown that the absence of...

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... been demonstrated. The group includes toluene (1-methylbenzene) and the xylenes (1, 2-, 1, 3- , and 1,4-dimethylbenzene), as well as ethylbenzene and cumene (isopropylbenzene). Dinitrobenzene is ... Occup. Health and Safety Can ., 5, 28 33 , 1989. Klassen, C.D., Amdur, M.O., and Doull, J., Eds., Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons , 5th ed.,...

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... percep- tions and beliefs regarding herbal therapies, Pharmacotherapy, 20, 83 87, 2000. Baily-Klepser, T. and Klepser, M.E., Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies, Am. J. Health- Syst. ... al., Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I and the risk of breast cancer, Lancet, 35 1, 137 3– 137 5, 1998. Hayes, A.W., Ed., Principles and Methods of Toxicology, 2n...

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