The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 10 pdf

... technique, the integrity of the source of the spill and the possibility of further spillage is always a priority. If there is any possibility that the fire could flash back to the source of the spill, ... maintaining the safety of both spill workers and the source of the spill. The potential for the use of in-situ burning must be determined base...

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... to an oil spill and significantly reduce the environmental impact and severity of the spill. The purpose of contingency plans is to coordinate all aspects of the response to an oil spill. This ... serious. As the seriousness of an incident is often not known in the initial phases, one of the first priorities is to determine the magnitude of the spill and...

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... These properties influence how the oil behaves when it is spilled and determine the effects of the oil on living organisms in the environment. These properties also influence the efficiency of cleanup ... into the chemical composition of oils. For example, while 70% of gasoline will boil off at 100 °C, only about 5% of a crude oil will boil off at that temperature...

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... by the force of gravity and the interfacial tension between oil and water. The viscosity of the oil opposes these forces. As time passes, the effect of gravity on the oil diminishes, but the ... can remove the bulk of the oil. In 1993, the oil from a stricken ship, the Braer , dispersed almost entirely as a result of high seas off Scotland at the...

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... washing over the top of the boom. The term freeboard is also used to refer to the height from the water line to the top of the boom. The skirt is the portion of the boom below the floats or ... piece of equipment for containing an oil spill on water. Booms are generally the first equipment mobi- lized at a spill and are often used throughout the ope...

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... much on the thickness of the oil, type of oil, surface type, and many other factors. **This is the percentage of oil in the recovered product. The higher the value, the lower the amount of water ... much on the thickness of the oil, type of oil, sea state, and many other factors. **This is the percentage of oil in the recovered product. The high...

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... or truck. The vacuum pump creates a vacuum in the tank and the oil moves directly through a hose or pipe to the tank from the skimmer or the source of the oil. The oil does not go through the pump, ... of hydrocarbon fuels. Often the equipment at refineries cannot handle oils with debris, excessive amounts of water, or other contaminants and the cost of pre-t...

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... shown in Table 9. In the tests summarized in the table, the dispersant was applied at a dispersant-to -oil ratio of 1 :10 or 10% of the volume of the oil as testing has shown that this ratio is ... bioenhancement agents to oil spilled on land can enhance the removal rate of the saturate and some of the aromatic fraction of the oil, so that as much as 40%...

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... oils may adhere to the top surface or penetrate though holes made by burrowing ©2000 by CRC Press LLC 102 102 111 111 110 110 109 109 108 108 107 107 106 106 105 105 104 104 103 103 ©2000 by ... amount of oil, the degree of weathering of the oil, both before it reaches the shoreline and while on the shoreline, the temperature, the state of the...

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... the properties of the oil and the nature of the soil materials affect how rapidly the oil penetrates the soil and how much the oil adheres to the soil. For example, a low viscosity oil penetrates ... down-gradient from the spill, or in the direction in which the spill is flowing, to catch the flow of oil. They are placed just below the depth of th...

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